1.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
親川, 志奈子 ; Oyakawa, Shinako
出版情報: 国際琉球沖縄論集 — International Review of Ryukyuan and Okinawan Studies.  pp.91-105,  9999-01-01.  琉球大学国際沖縄研究所 — International Institute for Okinawan Studies
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/37390
概要: 紀要論文
2.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
日高, 道雄 ; 土屋, 誠 ; 広瀬, 裕一 ; 酒井, 一彦 ; 中島, 裕美子 ; Hidaka, Michio ; Tsuchiya, Makoto ; Hirose, Yuichi ; Sakai, Kazuhiko ; Nakajima, Yumiko
出版情報: pp.none-,  9999-01-01.  日高道雄
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/11489
概要: 科研費番号: 11694223
平成11~13年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究B)研究成果報告書
研究概要:本研究では、サンゴ礁域の無脊椎動物と単細胞藻類の共生系の樹立機構や多様性、共生に適応した形態的特徴に関する研究を中
心課題とし、さらにサンゴとサンゴガニ類の共生、サンゴの繁殖戦略の研究を行った。褐虫藻を親から受け継ぐサンゴを用いて、卵母細胞が親ポリプより褐虫藻を受け継ぐ時期、機構を明らかにした。また褐虫藻が発生の過程で胃層細胞に限定される時期と機構に着目して、発生過程を記載した。サンゴに共生する褐虫藻の系統を、褐虫藻の獲得様式(垂直伝播と水平伝播)に着目して解析した。垂直感染により親から褐虫藻を獲得するサンゴにおいても、褐虫藻が地域特異性を示す場合もあり、新たに褐虫藻を外界から獲得する可能性が示唆された。プロクロロンをもつ群体ホヤの幼生は、共生藻を受け継ぐために特別な器官を持つことから、共生藻に対する高い依存性が示された。一方、共生藻は宿主組織の外側に分布し、共生藻が宿主に与える利益が養分では無い可能性が示唆された。沖縄産のサンゴ数種から、琉球列島の陸生昆虫から単離した配列とほぼ同じ配列の活性型転移因子マリナーがみつかった。一方ハワイと沖縄のサンゴでは、同じマリナーに見つからなかった。限定された地域における陸生と水生生物種間での転移因子の伝搬が示唆された。ココナツ島周辺のハナヤサイサンゴ群体にはサンゴガニ類が生息していなかったが、室内実験ではサンゴガニ類はこの水域のハナヤサイサンゴを拒否しなかった。この水域への幼生供給がないという可能性や他の生物との種間関係により排除されている可能性が示唆される。ハワイで雌雄同体のイボコモンサンゴを材料に、同一クローンの群体密度がサンゴの性配分に及ぼす影響を解析した。群体サイズと性配分の関係を、個体が同一クローンであると仮定することで説明できる結果を得た。
研究概要 : The objective of this project was to study the mechanism of establishment of algal-invertebrate symbioses and diversity of the symbiotic systems on coral reefs. In addition we studied reproductive strategy of corals. The timing and mechanism of transmission of zooxanthellae from maternal tissue to oocytes m corals writ vertically transmitted symbionts were studied. We also described how zooxanthellae became restricted to gastrodermal cells during development of these corals. We analyzed phylogeny of zooxanthellae associated with corals with different modes of symbiont acquisition. The result suggests that even corals with vertically transmitted symbionts can acquire zooxanthellae from outside. We analyzed phylogeny of zooxanthellae associated with corals with different modes of symbiont acquisition. The result suggests that even corals with vertically transmitted symbionts can acquire zooxanthellae from outside. In colonial ascidians that have symbiotic prochloron, larvae had a special organ for acquisition of algae from their parent. Thus prochloron might play important function in ascidian physiology. However, prochloron resides on outer surface of the ascidians, sugesting that their role in nutrition might be small Colonies of Pocillopora damicornis in Kaneohe Bay did not harbor Trapzia crabs, though tey accepted experimentally provided Trapezia crabs. This suggests the possibility that there is no recruitment of the crabs in this area due to rurrent conitions or that other organisms interfere the association between the coral and Trapezia crabs. How clonal density of a Hawaiian coral, Montipora verrucosa affects its energy allocation to sexual reproduction was studied experimentally and theoretically.
未公開:P.6以降(別刷論文のため)
研究報告書
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3.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
日高, 道雄 ; Hidaka, Michio
出版情報: pp.none-,  9999-01-01.  日高道雄
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/11527
概要: 科研費番号: 14540647
平成14~16年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究C)研究成果報告書
研究概要:群体性のイシサンゴでは、遺伝的に等しい破片向士は瘉合するが、単体性のイシサンゴでは、クローン同士を接触させても瘉合
しない。単体性と群体性の差異は生態学的に重要であるにも関わらず、その差異をもたらす機構についてはほとんど解明されていない。本研究では、イシサンゴにおける単体性と群体性の差異を明らかにすることを目的とした。単体性サンゴであるクサビライシが、再生過程の初期には群体性を示すものの数ヶ月後に単体性の性質を獲得すること、単体性を確立する際にはポリプの分離または統合によって単体ポリプが形成されることを示した。同個体由来の再生ポリプ同士を接触させた場合、接触部で組織が癒合するが、傘 (anthocyathus)形成後のポリプでは、傘部は接触させても癒合せず、傘の形成と個体性の発現が同時期に起こることが示唆された。今後、単体性の獲得に伴ってどのような遺伝子が発現するかを解析することにより、単体性と群体性の差異の遺伝的基盤を解明できると考えられる。ハナヤサイサンゴのプラヌラ幼生由来の群体は枝を形成するが、成群体の枝より再生させた群体は、9ヶ月間の観察期間中に枝を形成しなかった。このことは、枝形成能力が発生過程に伴って変化することを示しており、今回の知見は、群体サンゴにおける成長型制御機構の分子的解析に道を開くものである。ハナヤサイサンゴのクローン・非クローンの識別をするために、これまで行ってきた組織非適合性反応を利用した遺伝的差異の検出に加え、マイクロサテライト解析を試みた。その結果、少なくともPV5,PV7の2遺伝子座に多型が見られることが分かったが、親子間、兄弟プラヌラ間で遺伝的差異を検出するには至らなかった。より多型性の高いマイクロサテライトを探索することが今後の課題である。
研究概要:In colonial corals, isografts invariably fuse, while, in solitary corals, isogeneic individuals do not fuse when they are brought into contact. Although the differences between colonial and solitary modes are ecologically important, few researches have been conducted on the mechanisms that cause physiological and morphological differences between solitary and colonial corals. The present study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms that produce the differences between solitary and colonial corals. To investigate whether solitary corals show colonial characters at early stages of development, we observed morphogenetic patterns of young polyps regenerated from tissue fragments of solitary corals Fungia spp. and did contact experiments using clonal polyps regenerated from tissues of the same individuals. When more than two polyps were regenerated from a tissue fragment, they remained as colonial form for 5-13 months observation period. When regenerated polyps derived from the same individual were brought into contact, they fused. In one case, fusion occurred at stalk but not at disc. Some colonial forms separated into individual polyps while others changed to solitary form by integration, that is, fusion of tentacular rings and mouths. The present results suggest that solitary corals like Fungia showed colonial characters at early stages of regeneration. It has been suggested that Fungia acquire solitary characters when they from discs. Colonies of Pocillopora damicornis derived from primary polyps (settled planulae) and those regenerated from branch tips of adult colonies assumed different growth forms. Young colonies derived from primary polyps formed at least one branch from the central region of a colony, while colonies regenerated from adult branch tips(3-5 mm long) never formed branches during the nine months observation period. The results suggest that the rate of branch origination of P.damicornis colonies decreases with age. This Finding may open the way to analyze the mechanism of branch formation in corals at molecular level. We attempted to distinguish clones of a coral Pocillopora damicornis using histocompatibility assay and molecular markers. We found that microsatelite markers PV5 and PV7 were polymorphic to some extent but failed to detect genetic differences between siblings or between parent and offspring. We found that ITS1 sequences are highly variable in P.damicornis and pan be applied to studies on clonal structure within populations of the coral.
未公開:P.6以降(別刷論文のため)
研究報告書
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4.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
日高, 道雄 ; 広瀬, 慎美子 ; 磯村, 尚子 ; Hidaka, Michio ; Hirose, Mamiko ; Isomura, Naoko
出版情報: pp.none-,  9999-01-01.  日高道雄
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/11528
概要: 科研費番号: 17570023
平成17年度~平成18年度科学研究費補助金(基盤研究C)研究成果報告書
研究概要:本研究では、サンゴ-褐虫藻間の共生関係の多様性と共生体のストレス耐性の関係を明らかにすること、そして白化の
機構を解明することを主な目的とし、下記の実験を行った。造礁サンゴ2種(トガリシコロサンゴPavona divaricataおよびクサビライシFungia sp.)の解離細胞より細胞凝集塊(tissue ball)を調整し、白化機構を調べるための実験系を開発した。両種について、高温ストレス下では、褐虫藻密度とtissue ballの生存期間の間に負の相関関係があることを見出した。このことは、ストレス下で褐虫藻が共生体にとって有害な物質を産生していることを示唆する。高温ストレスによるtissue ball生存期間の短縮が活性酸素除去剤により緩和されることから、この有害物質は活性酸素であることが示唆された。シワリュウモンサンゴPachyseris rugosaを暗黒下で1時間高温処理すると、PSIIの最大量子効率(Fv/Fm)は変化しなかったが、炭素固定回路機能の指標である最大霊子伝達速度(ETRmax)は有意な、しかし回復可能な低下を示した。一方Fv/Fmの少なくとも60%が機能していれば最大電子伝達速度は維持されることから、高温ストレスによる褐虫藻光合成系の損傷は、最初にPSII以降の要素、おそらく炭素固定回路、に生じ、PSIIの損傷は2次的なものであることが示唆された。トゲスギミドリイシAcropora nobilisおよびニオウミドリイシAcropora paliferaの幼生または一次ポリプが、異なる宿主由来の褐虫藻(クレードA, B, C, D)を取り込み、共生系を樹立することを見いだした。今後このシステムを用いて、褐虫藻の遺伝子型、生理学的性質の差異が共生体のストレス耐性にどのような影響を及ぼすかを調べることが可能となった。
To investigate bleaching mechanisms of coral-zooxanthella symbiotic system at cellular or tissue level, we have established an experimental system using coral cell aggregates (tissue balls). Tissue balls prepared from dissociated cells of Fungia sp. and Pavona divaricata were exposed to either 31°C or 25°C. Survival curves of tissue balls were markedly different between 31°C and 25°C. There was a significant negative correlation between the survival time and zooxanthella density of tissue balls at 31°C, while no significant relationship was found at 25°C. The present results showed that zooxanthellae produced harmful substances and cause damage to coral ce Is under high temperature stress. The finding that the antioxidants extended the survival time of tissue balls at high temperature suggests that zooxanthellae produce reactive oxygen species under the stress condition. To examine whether damage to zooxanthellar photosystem II (PSII) is the primary step of thermally induced coral bleaching, we assessed the relationship between the maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) or active PSII centers (Fv/Fo) and maximum electron transport rate (ETRmax) in the symbiotic algae of the coral Pachyseris rugosa. The I h high temperature treatment in darkness produced a significant, but reversible decline in ETRmax without any change in Fv/Fm. A minimum of 60% of the Fv/Fm or 30% of active PS II centers (Fv/Fo) is required to maintain ETRmax in the symbionts. These results suggest that the primary step of heat-induced damage in the symbiont's photosynthetic apparatus involves a component beyond the PSII, probably at the level of the dark reaction as indicated by reduced ETRmax and the PSII damage is secondary. Planulae or primary polyps of Acropora nobilis and A. palifera could be infected with zooxanthellae from various hosts. We are planning to use this experimental system to assess effects of environmental stresses on corals associated with different types of zooxanthllae.
研究報告書
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5.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
出版情報: 琉球大学大学院教育学研究科高度教職実践専攻年次報告書.  pp.261-271,  2033-03-06.  琉球大学大学院教育学研究科
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002017995
概要: 実習の成果と課題
FD委員会報告
日本教職大学院協会研究大会 発表資料
年間行事
実習連携協力校一覧
高度教職実践専攻会議構成員以外の授業科目担当一覧
実習指導一覧
6.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
Hanzawa, Eiko ; Sasaki, Kazuhiro ; Nagai, Shinsei ; Obara, Mitsuhiro ; Fukuta, Yoshimichi ; Uga, Yusaku ; Miyao, Akio ; Hirochika, Hirohiko ; Higashitani, Atsushi ; Maekawa, Masahiko ; Sato, Tadashi
出版情報: Rice.  6  2023-11-11.  Springer
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002019894
概要: Background: Root system architecture is an important trait affecting the uptake of nutrients and water by crops. Shallower root systems preferentially take up nutrients from the topsoil and help avoid unfavorable environments in deeper soil layers. We have found a soil-surface rooting mutant from an M2 population that was regenerated from seed calli of a japonica rice cultivar, Nipponbare. In this study, we examined the genetic and physiological characteristics of this mutant. Results: The primary roots of the mutant showed no gravitropic response from the seedling stage on, whereas the gravitropic response of the shoots was normal. Segregation analyses by using an F2 population derived from a cross between the soil-surface rooting mutant and wild-type Nipponbare indicated that the trait was controlled by a single recessive gene, designated as sor1. Fine mapping by using an F2 population derived from a cross between the mutant and an indica rice cultivar, Kasalath, revealed that sor1 was located within a 136-kb region between the simple sequence repeat markers RM16254 and 2935-6 on the terminal region of the short arm of chromosome 4, where 13 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were found. We sequenced these ORFs and detected a 33-bp deletion in one of them, Os04g0101800. Transgenic plants of the mutant transformed with the genomic fragment carrying the Os04g0101800 sequence from Nipponbare showed normal gravitropic responses and no soil-surface rooting. Conclusion: These results suggest that sor1, a rice mutant causing soil-surface rooting and altered root gravitropic response, is allelic to Os04g0101800, and that a 33-bp deletion in the coding region of this gene causes the mutant phenotypes. 続きを見る
7.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
Shinzato, Yuki ; Zamami, Ryo ; Oshiro, Nanako ; Nakamura, Takuto ; Ishida, Akio ; Ohya, Yusuke ; Kohagura, Kentaro
出版情報: Biomedicines.  11  2023-07-21.  © 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002020000
概要: The combination effects of smoking (SMK) and hyperuricemia (HU) on renal arteriolosclerosis in patients with IgA nephrop athy remain unknown. We examined the cross-sectional association between smoking (current or former) and renal arteriolar hyalinosis and wall thickening with or without HU [uric acid (UA) level 7 and 5 mg/dL in men and women] in 87 patients with IgA nephropathy who underwent renal biopsy. Arteriolar hyalinosis and wall thickening were assessed by the semiquantitative grading of arterioles. The SMK/HU subgroup showed the highest indices for hyalinosis and wall thickening, followed by the non-SMK/HU, SMK/non-HU, and non- SMK/non-HU subgroups. Multiple logistic analysis showed that SMK/HU, but not SMK/non-HU, was significantly associated with an increased risk of higher-grade renal arteriolar wall thickening. However, this did not occur with hyalinosis compared to non-SMK/non-HU. The adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval, p value) for SMK/HU was 12.8 (1.36–119, p < 0.05) for wall thickening. An association between SMK and renal arteriolar wall thickening might be prevalent only among patients with HU and in patients with IgA nephropathy. Further prospective studies are needed to determine whether patients with HU and SMK history exhibit rapid eGFR deterioration. 続きを見る
8.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
Aoki, Yumi ; Takaesu, Yoshikazu ; Matsui, Kentaro ; Tokumasu, Takahiro ; Tani, Hideaki ; Takekita, Yoshiteru ; Kanazawa, Tetsufumi ; Kishimoto, Taishiro ; Tarutani, Seiichiro ; Hashimoto, Naoki ; Takeuchi, Hiroyoshi ; Mishima, Kazuo ; Inada, Ken
出版情報: Neuropsychopharmacology Reports.  2023-07-14.  © 2023 The Authors. Neuropsychopharmacology Reports published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of the Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology.
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002019998
概要: Aim: Continued antipsychotic treatment is the key to preventing relapse. Maintenance antipsychotic monotherapy and optimal dose use are recommended for individuals with stable schizophrenia because of their undesirable effects. Decision aids (DAs) are clinical conversation tools that facilitate shared decision-making (SDM) between patients and health-care providers. This study aimed to describe the development process and results of acceptability testing of a DA for individuals with stable schizophrenia, considering (i) whether to continue high-dose antipsychotics or reduce to the standard dose and (ii) whether to continue two antipsychotics or shift to monotherapy. Methods: A DA was developed according to the guidelines for the appropriate use of psychotropic medications and International Patient Decision Aid Standards (IPDAS). First, a DA prototype was developed based on a previous systematic review and meta-analysis conducted for identifying the effects of continuing or reducing antipsychotic treatment. Second, mixed-method survey was performed among individuals with schizophrenia and health-care providers to modify and finalize the DA. Results: The DA consisted of an explanation of schizophrenia, options to continue high-dose antipsychotics or reduce to the standard dose, options to continue two antipsychotics or shift to monotherapy, pros and cons of each option, and a value-clarification worksheet for each option. The patients (n = 20) reported acceptable language use (75%), adequate information (75%), and well-balanced presentation (79%). Health-care providers (n = 20) also provided favorable overall feedback. The final DA covered six IPDAS qualifying criteria. Conclusion: A DA was successfully developed for schizophrenia, considering whether to reduce antipsychotics, which can be used in the SDM process. 続きを見る
9.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
Kitajima Eiji ; Sato Takashi ; Kurata Koji ; Miyata Ryota
出版情報: PLOS ONE.  18  2023-06-23.  © 2023 Kitajima et al.
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002019996
概要: We propose a framework to analyze the relationship between the movement features of a wheel gymnast around the mounting phase of Unit 2 of the vault event and execution (Escore) deductions from a machine-learning perspective. We first developed an automation system from a video of a wheel gymnast performing a tuck-front somersault to extract the four frames highlighting its Unit 2 performance of the vault event, such as take-off, pikemount, the starting point of time on the wheel, and final position before the thrust. We implemented this automation using recurrent all-pairs field transforms (RAFT) and XMem, i.e., deep network architectures respectively for optical flow estimation and video object segmentation. We then used a markerless pose-estimation system called OpenPose to acquire the coordinates of the gymnast’s body joints, such as shoulders, hips, and knees then calculate the joint angles at the extracted video frames. Finally, we constructed a regression model to estimate the E-score deductions during Unit 2 on the basis of the joint angles using an ensemble learning algorithm called Random Forests, with which we could automatically select a small number of features with the nonzero values of feature importances. By applying our framework of markerless motion analysis to videos of male wheel gymnasts performing the vault, we achieved precise estimation of the E-score deductions during Unit 2 with a determination coefficient of 0.79. We found the two movement features of particular importance for them to avoid significant deductions: time on the wheel and angles of knees at the pike-mount position. The selected features well reflected the maturity of the gymnast’s skills related to the motions of riding the wheel, easily noticeable to the judges, and their branching conditions were almost consistent with the general vault regulations. 続きを見る
10.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
八嶋, 勇気 ; Yashima, Yuki ; 藤田, 衛 ; Fujita, Mamoru ; 冨森, 祐樹 ; Tomimori, Yuki
出版情報: Fauna Ryukyuana.  67  pp.25-27,  2023-05-19.  琉球大学資料館 (風樹館)
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002019884
概要: 石垣島平久保から14 個体のラッパガイHypselostoma insularum Pilsbry, 1908 を得た. 本種は宮古島, 伊良部島, 波照間島, 与那国島から記録されているが, 石垣島からの記録は知られていないため, 石垣島 初記録として報告した.
Hypselostoma insularum is an endemic species to the southern Ryukyu Archipelago, known only from Miyako-jima, Irabu-jima, Yonaguni-jima and Hateruma-jima islands. This study reports H. insularum from Ishigaki-jima Island for the first time.
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