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山﨑準二著
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木村靖二, 岸本美緒, 小松久男監修
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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Futenma, Kunihiro ; Takaesu, Yoshikazu ; Nakamura, Masaki ; Hayashida, Kenichi ; Takeuchi, Noboru ; Inoue, Yuichi
概要:
Narcolepsy types 1 (NT1) and 2 (NT2) and idiopathic hypersomnia (IH) are thought to be a disease continuum known as narc
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olepsy spectrum disorders (NSDs). This study aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with metabolic-syndrome-related disorders (MRDs) among patients with NSD. Japanese patients with NSD (NT1, n = 94; NT2, n = 83; and IH, n = 57) aged ≥35 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. MRD was defined as having at least one of the following conditions: hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. Demographic variables and MRD incidence were compared among patients in the respective NSD categories. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the factors associated with MRDs. Patients with NT1 had a higher body mass index (BMI) and incidence of MRD than that had by those with NT2 or IH. Age, BMI, and the presence of OSA were significantly associated with the incidence of MRD in NSDs. Age and BMI in NT1, BMI and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1*06:02 positivity in NT2, and only age in IH were factors associated with the incidence of MRD. Obesity should be carefully monitored in narcolepsy; however, NT2 with HLA-DQB1*06:02 positive should be followed up for the development of MRD even without obesity.
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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Hori, Hikaru ; Yasui-Furukori, Norio ; Hasegawa, Naomi ; Iga, Jun-ichi ; Ochi, Shinichiro ; Ichihashi, Kayo ; Furihata, Ryuji ; Kyo, Yoshitaka ; Takaesu, Yoshikazu ; Tsuboi, Takashi ; Kodaka, Fumitoshi ; Onitsuka, Toshiaki ; Okada, Tsuyoshi ; Murata, Atsunobu ; Kashiwagi, Hiroko ; Iida, Hitoshi ; Hashimoto, Naoki ; Ohi, Kazutaka ; Yamada, Hisashi ; Ogasawara, Kazuyoshi ; Yasuda, Yuka ; Muraoka, Hiroyuki ; Usami, Masahide ; Numata, Shusuke ; Takeshima, Masahiro ; Yamagata, Hirotaka ; Nagasawa, Tatsuya ; Tagata, Hiromi ; Makinodan, Manabu ; Kido, Mikio ; Katsumoto, Eiichi ; Komatsu, Hiroshi ; Matsumoto, Junya ; Kubota, Chika ; Miura, Kenichiro ; Hishimoto, Akitoyo ; Watanabe, Koichiro ; Inada, Ken ; Kawasaki, Hiroaki ; Hashimoto, Ryota
概要:
In several clinical guidelines for schizophrenia, long-term use of anticholinergic drugs is not recommended. We investig
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ated the characteristics of the use of anticholinergics in patients with schizophrenia by considering psychotropic prescription patterns and differences among hospitals. A cross-sectional, retrospective prescription survey at the time of discharge was conducted on 2027 patients with schizophrenia from 69 Japanese hospitals. We examined the relations among psychotropic drug prescriptions regarding anticholinergic prescription. We divided the hospitals into three groups— low rate group (LG), medium rate group (MG), and high rate group (HG)—according to their anticholinergic prescription rates, and analyzed the relationship between anticholinergic prescription rates and antipsychotic prescription. Anticholinergic drugs were prescribed to 618 patients (30.5%), and the prescription rates were significantly higher for high antipsychotic doses, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs) use. The anticholinergic prescription rate varied considerably among hospitals, ranging from 0 to 66.7%, and it was significantly higher in patients with antipsychotic monotherapy, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and normal and high doses of antipsychotics in HG than in those LG and MG. The anticholinergics prescription rate in patients with second-generation antipsychotic monotherapy in HG was also significantly higher than in those LG and MG; however, the difference was no longer significant in patients with FGA monotherapy. Conclusively, in addition to high antipsychotic doses, antipsychotic polypharmacy, and FGA use, hospital characteristics influence the prescribing of anticholinergic drugs.
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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Kinjo, Takeshi ; Toma, Hiromu ; Fujita, Jiro
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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Sekiguchi, Hiroshi ; Takeuchi, Rie ; Sato, Yoko ; Matsumoto, Tsuyoshi ; Kobayashi, Jun ; Umemura, Takehiro
概要:
An earthquake with a magnitude of 8 or 9 is predicted to occur near the Ryukyu Islands in Japan, for which the Okinawa Prefecture is preparing countermeasures. Evacuating people to a safe shelter within the tsunami arrival time is a crucial
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countermeasure. This study aims to understand the vulnerabilities of patients with chronic respiratory diseases in southern parts of Okinawa during a tsunami evacuation, thereby calculating evacuation distance of vulnerable patients and creating individual evacuation plans. Data for chronic respiratory patients obtained in July 2021 from the hospitals in Okinawa Prefecture include age, gender, diagnosis, residence, nearest tsunami shelter, oxygen flow at rest and walking, and maximum walking distance for 6 min based on a 6-min walk test. A quantum geographic information system was used for mapping the data. The survival potential of patients with chronic respiratory disease was evaluated by using a tsunami inundation depth of one meter and the distance within which an evacuation can be performed until the first tsunami wave reaches the nearest evacuation shelter. Results revealed a low survival potential for respiratory disease patients under the current tsunami evacuation plan. The study suggests creating an individual evacuation plan for vulnerable patients involving families and medical staff and then conducting a drill for improving the plan.
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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Deng, Yange ; Fujinari, Hiroaki ; Yai, Hikari ; Shimada, Kojiro ; Miyazaki, Yuzo ; Tachibana, Eri ; Deshmukh, K. Dhananjay ; Kawamura, Kimitaka ; Nakayama, Tomoki ; Tatsuta, Shiori ; Cai, Mingfu ; Xu, Hanbing ; Li, Fei ; Tan, Haobo ; Ohata, Sho ; Kondo, Yutaka ; Takami, Akinori ; Hatakeyama, Shiro ; Mochida, Michihiro
概要:
Filter-based offline analysis of atmospheric aerosol hygroscopicity coupled to composition analysis provides information
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complementary to that obtained from online analysis. However, its application itself and comparison to online analysis have remained limited to date. In this study, daily submicrometer aerosol particles (PM0.95, 50 % cutoff diameter 0.95 µm) were collected onto quartz fiber filters on Okinawa Island, a receptor of East Asian outflow, in the autumn of 2015. The chemical composition of water-soluble matter (WSM) in PM0.95, PM0.95 itself, and their respective hygroscopicities were characterized through the offline use of an aerosol mass spectrometer and a hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyzer. Thereafter, results were compared with those obtained from online analyses. Sulfate dominated the WSM mass (59 %), followed by water-soluble organic matter (WSOM, 20 %) and ammonium (13 %). WSOM accounted for most (91 %) of the mass of extracted organic matter (EOM) and the atomic O-to-C ratios (O : C) of WSOM and EOM were high (mean ± standard deviation were 0.84 ± 0.08 and 0.78 ± 0.08, respectively), both of which indicate highly aged characteristics of the observed aerosol. The hygroscopic growth curves showed clear hysteresis for most samples. At 85 % relative humidity (RH), the calculated hygroscopicity parameter κ values of the WSM (κWSM), WSOM, EOM, andPM0.95 (κPM0.95 ) were 0.50 ± 0.03, 0.22 ± 0.12, 0.20 ± 0.11, and 0.47 ± 0.03, respectively. An analysis using the thermodynamic Extended Aerosol Inorganics Model (E-AIM) shows, on average, that inorganic salts and WSOM contributed 88 % and 12 %, respectively, of the κWSM (or κPM0.95 ). High similarities were found between offline and online analysis for chemical compositions that are related to particle hygroscopicity (the mass fractions and O : C of organics and the degree of neutralization) and also for aerosol hygroscopicity. As possible factors governing the variation in κWSM, the influences of WSOM abundance and the neutralization of inorganic salts were assessed. At high RH (70 %–90 %), the hygroscopicity of WSM and PM0.95 was affected considerably by the presence of organic components; at low RH (20 %–50 %), the degree of neutralization could be important.This study not only characterized aerosol hygroscopicity at the receptor site of East Asian outflow but also shows that offline hygroscopicity analysis is an appropriate method, at least for aerosols of the studied type. The results encourage further applications to other environments and to more in-depth hygroscopicity analysis, in particular for organic fractions.
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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Morita, Akari ; Sakauchi, Ko ; Taira, Wataru ; Otaki, M. Joji
概要:
Biological effects of the Fukushima nuclear accident have been reported in various organisms, including the pale grass blue butterfly Zizeeria maha and its host plant Oxalis corniculata. This plant upregulates various secondary
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metabolites in response to low-dose radiation exposure, which may contribute to the high mortality and abnormality rates of the butterfly in Fukushima. However, this field effect hypothesis has not been experimentally tested. Here, using an artificial diet for larvae, we examined the ingestional toxicity of three radiation-dependent plant metabolites annotated in a previous metabolomic study: lauric acid (a saturated fatty acid), alfuzosin (an adrenergic receptor antagonist), and ikarugamycin (an antibiotic likely from endophytic bacteria). Ingestion of lauric acid or alfuzosin caused a significant decrease in the pupation, eclosion (survival), and normality rates, indicating toxicity of these compounds. Lauric acid made the egg-larval days significantly longer, indicating larval growth retardation. In contrast, ikarugamycin caused a significant increase in the pupation and eclosion rates, probably due to the protection of the diet from fungi and bacteria. These results suggest that at least some of the radiation-dependent plant metabolites, such as lauric acid, contribute to the deleterious effects of radioactive pollution on the butterfly in Fukushima, providing experimental evidence for the field effect hypothesis.
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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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前之園, 唯史 ; Maenoson, Tadafum
概要:
琉球列島の沿岸域から採集された標本に基づき, テナガオウギガニ属Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897の7種 [ケフサテナガオウギガニC. barbata (Borradaile, 1900); ヨツハテナガオウギガニ (新称
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) C. corallicola Miyake & Takeda, 1968; ナギテナガオウギガニ (新称) C. crispipleopa Dai, Yang, Song & Chen, 1986; ヒメテナガオウギガニC. cytherea (Dana, 1852); ユビワテナガオウギガニ (新称) C. xishaensis Chen & Lan, 1978; テナガオウギガニC. laevissima (Dana, 1852); クロテナガオウギガニC. nigra (Forskål, 1775)] を報告した. これらの種のうち, ヨツハテナガオウギガニは日本沿岸から初記録である. ナギテナガオウギガニとユビワテナガオウギガニは, それぞれの種名で日本沿岸から記録されたことはないが, ヒメテナガオウギガニとして報告された記録のなかにこれら2種が含まれていることが判明した. 本研究で扱ったナギテナガオウギガニと暫定的にヒメテナガオウギガニと同定した標本は, 複数の形質によって区別できるが, どちらがC. cythereaの名義種に適合するかについて確認する必要がある. 本研究で暫定的にテナガオウギガニと同定した標本の多くは, Serène (1984) による “C. laevissima form robusta” と一致するが, この名称は不適格名である. さらに, Serène (1984) が定義した2つの型は, C. laevissimaの新参シノニムとされているMenippe martensii Krauss, 1843との比較も必要であることを指摘した. 本研究でクロテナガオウギガニと同定した標本には, 2つの変異が含まれていた. クロテナガオウギガニの正確な同定をするために, これらの変異が種内変異であるのか種の違いであるのか, またそれらとC. nigraのシノニムとの関係を再検討する必要性についても指摘した.
Seven species of the xanthid genus Chlorodiella Rathbun, 1897 [C. barbata (Borradaile, 1900); C. corallicola Miyake & Takeda, 1968; C. crispipleopa Dai, Yang, Song & Chen, 1986; C. cytherea (Dana, 1852); C. xishaensis Chen & Lan, 1978; C. laevissima (Dana, 1852) and C. nigra (Forskål, 1775)], are reported based on specimens collected from the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan. The present study represents the first record of C. corallicola from Japanese waters. It is also found that C. crispipleopa and C. xishaensis had already been recorded from several Japanese studies as C. cytherea. The specimens, tentatively identified as C. cytherea in the present study, are distinguished from C. crispipleopa by several features, although the identity of C. cytherea s.s. described by Dana (1852) is uncertain. Most of the specimens tentatively identified as C. laevissima in the present study agree with “C. laevissima form robusta” in Serène (1984), but the name “robusta” is an unavaibale name. Furthermore, this study pointed out that it is necessary to compare Serène’s (1984) two forms with Menippe martensii Krauss, 1843, which is regarded as a junior synonym of C. laevissima. The specimens identified as C. nigra in the present study included two morphological variations. For better taxonomy of C. nigra, it is necessary to determine whether these variations are intraspecific or interspecific differences and to match these specimens with nominal species currently synonimised under C. nigra. 続きを見る |
