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Matsunami, Masatoshi ; Koganebuchi, Kae ; Imamura, Minako ; Ishida, Hajime ; Kimura, Ryosuke ; Maeda, Shiro
出版情報: Molecular Biology and Evolution.  38  pp.2045-2056,  2021-05.  Oxford University Press
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/50049
概要: The Ryukyu Archipelago is located in the southwest of the Japanese islands and is composed of dozens of islands, grouped into the Miyako Islands, Yaeyama Islands, and Okinawa Islands. Based on the results of principal component analysis on genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphisms, genetic differentiation was observed among the island groups of the Ryukyu Archipelago. However, a detailed population structure analysis of the Ryukyu Archipelago has not yet been completed. We obtained genomic DNA samples from 1,240 individuals living in the Miyako Islands, and we genotyped 665,326 single-nucleotide polymorphisms to infer population history within the Miyako Islands, including Miyakojima, Irabu, and Ikema islands. The haplotype-based analysis showed that populations in the Miyako Islands were divided into three subpopulations located on Miyakojima northeast, Miyakojima southwest, and Irabu/Ikema. The results of haplotype sharing and the D statistics analyses showed that the Irabu/Ikema subpopulation received gene flows different from those of the Miyakojima subpopulations, which may be related with the historically attested immigration during the Gusuku period (900 − 500 BP). A coalescent-based demographic inference suggests that the Irabu/Ikema population firstly split away from the ancestral Ryukyu population about 41 generations ago, followed by a split of the Miyako southwest population from the ancestral Ryukyu population (about 16 generations ago), and the differentiation of the ancestral Ryukyu population into two populations (Miyako northeast and Okinawajima populations) about seven generations ago. Such genetic information is useful for explaining the population history of modern Miyako people and must be taken into account when performing disease association studies.
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Hara, Ryoki ; Umebayashi, Hiroaki ; Takei, Syuji ; Okamoto, Nami ; Iwata, Naomi ; Yamasaki, Yuichi ; Nakagishi, Yasuo ; Kizawa, Toshitaka ; Kobayashi, Ichiro ; Imagawa, Tomoyuki ; Kinjo, Noriko ; Amano, Norihito ; Takahashi, Yoko ; Mori, Masaaki ; Itoh, Yasuhiko ; Yokota, Shumpei
出版情報: Pediatric Rheumatology.  17  2019-04-30.  BMC
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/45985
概要: Background: To investigate efficacy and safety of intravenous abatacept in Japanese patients with active polyarticular-c ourse juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). Methods: In this phase III, open-label, multicenter, single-arm study, patients with pJIA aged 4–17 years who failed ≥1 biologic or methotrexate received weight-tiered (< 75 kg: 10 mg/kg; 75–100 kg: 750 mg; > 100 kg: 1000 mg) intravenous abatacept at Weeks 0, 2, 4, and every 4 weeks thereafter. The study comprised a short-term period (16 weeks) and ongoing long-term period. Primary endpoint: Week 16 JIA-American College of Rheumatology criteria 30 (JIA-ACR30) response rate. Secondary endpoints/outcomes included Week 16 JIA-ACR50/70/90 response and inactive disease rates, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (CHAQ-DI), pharmacokinetics, safety, and immunogenicity. Proportions of patients achieving Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score in 27 joints using C-reactive protein (JADAS27-CRP) remission (score < 1) and minimal disease activity (MDA; score < 3.8), were among exploratory endpoints. Results: All 20 patients who received study medication completed the short-term period. During the long-term period, two patients discontinued due to insufficient efficacy or patient decision. Median age and disease duration at baseline were 10.5 and 0.75 years, respectively. Week 16 JIA-ACR30 response rate (primary endpoint) was 90.0% (18/20). JIA-ACR50/70/90 response and inactive disease rates at Week 16 were 75.0% (15/20), 70.0% (14/20), 35.0% (7/20), and 25.0% (5/20), respectively. At Week 52, JIA-ACR30/50/70/90 response and inactive disease rates were observed by 88.9% (16/18), 88.9% (16/18), 83.3% (15/18), 66.7% (12/18) and 44.4% (8/18), respectively. CHAQ-DI improved after Week 12. JADAS27-CRP remission and MDA were achieved by 15.0% (3/20) and 45.0% (9/20) of patients at Week 16, and by 50.0% (9/18) and 78.0% (14/18) of patients at Week 52, respectively. The mean abatacept pre-dose serum concentration was above the target therapeutic exposure (10 μg/ml) from Week 8 through Week 16. All adverse events were of mild/moderate intensity, except for one case of severe gastroenteritis. No deaths, malignancies, or autoimmune disorders were observed. No antidrug antibodies were detected through Week 16; one patient had a positive immunogenic response during the cumulative period. Conclusion: Intravenous abatacept was efficacious and well tolerated in Japanese patients with active pJIA.
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3.

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Kawasaki, Yuri ; Miyake, Yoshihiro ; Tanaka, Keiko ; Furukawa, Shinya ; Arakawa, Masashi
出版情報: Tobacco Induced Diseases.  15  2017-07.  BioMed Central
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/48125
概要: Background: Epidemiological evidence on the relationship between smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure and depress ive symptoms during pregnancy has been limited. The present cross-sectional study examined this issue in Japan. Methods: Between April 2007 and March 2008, 1757 pregnant women who lived in one of seven prefectures on Kyushu Island in southern Japan or in Okinawa Prefecture, an island chain in the southwest of Japan, participated in the Kyushu Okinawa Maternal and Child Health Study, a prebirth cohort study. In the present study, data on 1745 pregnant women were available for analysis. Information on smoking, SHS exposure, depressive symptoms, and potential confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire. Depressive symptoms were defined as present when subjects had a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of 16 or higher. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, region of residence, number of children, family structure, household income, education, job type, history of depression, and family history of depression. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 19.2%. Compared with having never smoked, both former and current smoking was independently associated with a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.39 (95% CI: 1.06–1.83) and 2.49 (95% CI: 1.36–4.45), respectively. Also, 3.0 to 7.9 and 8.0 or more pack-years of smoking were independently positively related to depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted ORs were 1.55 (95% CI: 1.08–2.22) and 1.97 (95% CI: 1.26–3.03), respectively (P for trend = 0.0005). Among the 1183 subjects who had never smoked, current SHS exposure at home was independently positively associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted OR was 1.51 (95% CI: 1.003–2.30). Conclusions: Former and current smoking, 3.0 or more pack-years of smoking, and current SHS exposure at home may be positively associated with depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
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4.

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Takezawa, Yasuko ; Kato, Kazuto ; Oota, Hiroki ; Caulfield, Timothy ; Fujimoto, Akihiro ; Honda, Shunwa ; Kamatani, Naoyuki ; Kawamura, Shoji ; Kawashima, Kohei ; Kimura, Ryosuke ; Matsumae, Hiromi ; Saito, Ayako ; Savage, Patrick E. ; Seguchi, Noriko ; Shimizu, Keiko ; Terao, Satoshi ; Yamaguchi-Kabata, Yumi ; Yasukouchi, Akira ; Yoneda, Minoru ; Tokunaga, Katsushi
出版情報: BMC Medical Ethics.  15  2014-04-23.  Springer Nature
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/47010
概要: Background:A challenge in human genome research is how to describe the populations being studied. The use of improper an d/or imprecise terms has the potential to both generate and reinforce prejudices and to diminish the clinical value of the research. The issue of population descriptors has not attracted enough academic attention outside North America and Europe. In January 2012, we held a two-day workshop, the first of its kind in Japan, to engage in interdisciplinary dialogue between scholars in the humanities, social sciences, medical sciences, and genetics to begin an ongoing discussion of the social and ethical issues associated with population descriptors.\nDiscussion:Through the interdisciplinary dialogue, we confirmed that the issue of race, ethnicity and genetic research has not been extensively discussed in certain Asian communities and other regions. We have found, for example, the continued use of the problematic term, “Mongoloid” or continental terms such as “European,” “African,” and “Asian,” as population descriptors in genetic studies. We, therefore, introduce guidelines for reporting human genetic studies aimed at scientists and researchers in these regions.\nConclusion:We need to anticipate the various potential social and ethical problems entailed in population descriptors. Scientists have a social responsibility to convey their research findings outside of their communities as accurately as possible, and to consider how the public may perceive and respond to the descriptors that appear in research papers and media articles.
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5.

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Miyake, Y ; Tanaka, K ; Arakawa, M
出版情報: Journal of Investigational Allergology and Clinical Immunology.  23  pp.242-247,  2013.  Esmon Publicidad
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/47825
概要: Background: Interleukin (IL) 4 plays a critical role in immune responses by acting as a growth factor for type 2 helper T cells and inducing immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching to IgE. Epidemiological evidence of the relationship between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL4 and asthma is inconsistent. Objectives: We examined the association between the IL4 SNPs rs2243250, rs2070874, rs2227284, and rs2243290 and asthma in young adult Japanese women. Methods: The study population comprised 89 women who met the criteria of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) for asthma. The control group comprised 1281 nonasthmatic women (ECRHS criteria) who had not been diagnosed with asthma by a physician. Adjustment was made for age, region of residence, presence of older siblings, smoking, and education. Results: Compared with the AA genotype of rs2243290, the AC genotype, but not the CC genotype, was signifi cantly associated with a reduced risk of asthma: the adjusted odds ratio for the AC genotype was 0.62 (95%CI, 0.39-0.996). No evident relationships were found between rs2243250, rs2070874, or rs2227284 and asthma. None of the haplotypes were signifi cantly associated with asthma. No signifi cant interactions were found between the 4 SNPs under study and smoking with respect to the risk of asthma. Conclusions: Ours is the fi rst study in a non-Western population to show that the IL4 SNP rs2243290 was signifi cantly associated with the risk of asthma. Smoking did not signifi cantly modify the gene-disease associations under study.
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6.

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Miyake, Yoshihiro ; Tanaka, Keiko ; Arakawa, Masashi
出版情報: BMC Psychiatry.  12  2012-08-19.  BioMed Central
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/47769
概要: Background: Epidemiological evidence for the association of socioeconomic status with prenatal depression has been incon sistent. The current cross-sectional study examined the association between employment, job type, household income, and educational level and the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Methods: Subjects were 1741 Japanese women. Depressive symptoms were defined as present when subjects had a Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score of 16 or higher. Adjustment was made for age, gestation, region of residence, family structure, personal and family history of depression, smoking, secondhand smoke exposure at home and at work, employment, household income, and education. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy was 19.3%. Compared with unemployment, employment, part-time employment, and full-time employment were significantly associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 0.65 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.50 − 0.86), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.46 − 0.95), and 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48 − 0.90), respectively. Regarding the job type held, women with a professional or technical job and those with a clerical or related occupation had a significantly lower prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy: the adjusted ORs were 0.67 (95% CI: 0.47 − 0.96) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.43 − 0.90), respectively. Sales, service, production, and other occupations were not significantly related to the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. There were no relationships between household income or education and the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy. Conclusions: Employment, whether full-time or part-time, and holding a professional or technical job or a clerical or related occupation may be inversely associated with the prevalence of depressive symptoms during pregnancy.
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7.

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Yoshimoto, Yasushi ; 吉本, 靖
出版情報: 人間科学 = Human Science.  pp.1-27,  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/2950
概要: This paper aims to demonstrate that the Phrase Structure Grammar (PSG) account of the English tough-construction present ed by Jacobson (1984) can be successfully adopted to account for the syntactic properties of the Japanese tough-construction. The tough-constructions in both languages exhibit the same case-marking pattern. This case-marking pattern can be correctly described by positing a rule that sanctions a "free gap." After reviewing Jacobson's account of the English tough-construction in section 1, I will show in section 2 that Jacobson's insights can be employed to correctly derive the Japanese tough-sentences, including those containing double objects and complex sentences. Section 3 discusses how word-order variation in Japanese can be described in the PSG framework. Finally, section 4 summarizes our discussion with some additional comments.
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8.

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Yoshimoto, Yasushi ; 吉本, 靖
出版情報: 人間科学 = Human Science.  pp.85-104,  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/2952
概要: In VP coordination structures of Japanese, the verbs in the conjoined VPs are all tenseless except for the final verb. I n English VP coordination structures, all the verbs in the conjoined VPs can be tensed. This paper aims to provide a principled explanation for this curious difference between English and Japanese. Our account crucially utilizes the notion of feature checking within the framework of Chomsky's (1995) Minimalist Program. I suggest that tense features are not chosen when Japanese verbs enter the numeration, whereas they are optionally chosen when English verbs enter the numeration. In a nutshell, our claim is that the difference we are interested in stems from the absence of tense feature checking in Japanese, and the presence thereof in English. During the course of our discussion, I will also offer a piece of evidence that subjects in Japanese must be within VP, at least in certain sentences.
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