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論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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宮内, 久光 ; Miyauchi, Hisamitsu
概要:
The purpose of this study was to determine the overall self-evaluation of international labor migration to Kuwait among
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Filipino female nurses working in Kuwait, and to determine when and where they plan to re-migrate in the future. The results of the questionnaire survey conducted in 2014 were compiled and analyzed. The results of the study can be summarized as follows. The results of the survey were summarized and analyzed as follows: First, I asked the nurses how they evaluated themselves overall as immigrants in Kuwait using a 5-point Likert scale. The mean rating was 3.6, which indicates that the nurses highly evaluated their immigration to Kuwait. By attribute, the overall rating tended to be higher for nurses working in public hospitals than in private hospitals, and the higher the level of satisfaction in the workplace, the higher the overall rating. Next, When I asked them when they plan to leave Kuwait, the most common answer was "about 3-5 years," at 37.5% of the total; within 10 years, 80% of the nurses planned torelocate from Kuwait. By attribute, it was statistically observed that the time of re-migration was earlier for those whose work affiliation was a private hospital than a public hospital, and for those whose overall immigrant rating was lower than for those whose overall immigrant rating was higher. As for the planned destination of re-migration, 53.4% of the total respondents were thinking were undecided. In other words, after working in Kuwait, the majority of the respondents plan to return to the Philippines. In the case of onward migration, the next destination is the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, or the United Kingdom. These countries are economically, socially, and culturally "more desirable" for Filipino female nurses because they are English-speaking Christian societies, have better wages and employment conditions, and many of them allow permanent residency. However, re-migration to more desirable countries is not easy. In summary, Filipino female nurses enter Kuwait as a "transit point" in their stepwise international migration. Of course, some of them will then perform onward migration to "more desirable" countries, but many of them will continue to work in Kuwait for various reasons, and return migration back to the Philippines will become more prevalent in proportion to the length of their stay in Kuwait.
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| 2.
論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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宮内, 久光 ; Miyauchi, Hisamitsu
概要:
The purpose of this study is to clarify the existence form of female nurses in the host society who moved from Philippin
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es, which is the world's most dispatching country of migrant workers, to Kuwait in the Middle East. Their living space is classified into three: working space, residential space, and social space. All of those are examined the actual condition in there and satisfaction of each space quantitatively. Much of the research that has been done so far on the work side of the nurses, and very little on their daily life. It is assumed that it is an important viewpoint to consider Philippine female nurses working in Kuwait from both sides, which are labor and life. By getting the permission of Kuwait Health Ministry, I conducted a questionnaire survey in the field and received 187 valid responses. As a result of analyzing and examining these, the following were clarified. Most of the informants work 6 days a week on hospital shifts, including night shifts. In doing so, they keep sending a large sum of their salary to their families in the Philippines. They are satisfied with the work they do in the workplace but are strongly dissatisfied with their working hours and wages. Their common underlying grievances result from ethnic issues such as the disparity in treatment between them and their Kuwaiti colleagues. Their percentage of unmarried is very high, and they continue to live in shared rooms in an old hospital dormitory. When they get married and form a household, they get out the hospital dormitory and start renting an apartment. At that time, they prioritized proximity to the workplace and the Philippine community, those were regarded as local conditions for choosing a place of residence. Their utilization of Philippine facilities was high for food and low for fashion. The event participation rate of the Philippine community was only a little over 30%. Only approximately 30% of the respondents had non-Philippine friends and had little interaction with other ethnic groups. Looking at these results spatially, it can be said that the living space of Philippine female nurses working in Kuwait is extremely small. This is caused by their occupation. Nurses move to the host society under a contract as immigrants and they have jobs and housing in the host society by making the contract. Furthermore, since their residence has located in a hospital or in a nearby hospital dormitory, they basically do not need to commute to their work. Even if a problem occurs in daily life, Philippines in hospitals and hospital accommodations are so many that they can easily connect each other and, can leverage them as their human capital. In other words, the spatial characteristics of migrant nurses can be seen in the fact that the working space, residential space, and social space required for immigrants to live in the host society are almost the same.
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| 3.
論文（リポジトリ） |
論文（リポジトリ）
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宮内, 久光 ; 稲, 綾香 ; Miyauchi, Hisamitsu ; Ina, Ayaka
概要:
In the globalized modern, a new trend is emerging in the international migrant of labor. In other words, the migration o
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f workers with advanced skills and the role of women are increasing. As a profession occupying a large proportion of the workers with advanced skills and the women, a nurse is usable. Especially, Philippines is the largest exporter of nurses. On the other hand,Middle East countries have accepted many Filipino nurses. The migration of population has been studied in three aspects, a migration stream, exterior environment and individuals of migrants. However, the research of the individuals of migrants did not proceed because carrying out a field survey is difficult in Middle East countries.In this research, we conduct questionnaires on Filipino female nurses who moved the international labor to Kuwait and clarify the aspects of individuals of migrants such as their family backgrounds, careers of migration and migratory process quantitatively. In addition, following the consideration, this research aims to make a geographical schematic diagram on the mechanism of the bilateral international migrations of labor.First of all, their birthplaces are dispersed throughout the Philippines, but in particular the Metropolitan Area, Manila and its adjacent Central Luzon Region are relatively large. Both regions are economically rich and related to the fact that there are many families that are rich enough to allow the children to go to college. Of their siblings, 1.2 people have experience immigrating to foreign countries. Approximately 30% of the respondents to the questionnaire have experienced migration to Kuwait.They are all go to university and are studying for four years at nurse training course. The location of the university is concentrated in the Metropolitan Area of Manila, but also distributed throughout the country. Even women born in rural areas can learn nursing at universities in the same region. After graduation, after they gained experience of nurses in the Philippines, they moved to Kuwait in the late 20s.Third, we consider a migratory process. As the reason why they decided to work in a foreigncountry, about 70% of respondents answered high salary and 40% would like to raise their expertise at advanced medical settings. Moreover, when moving to Kuwait, the number of people invited from relatives and friends who lives in Kuwait was 40%, and we could confirm that the social network is important for the movement. In addition, there are many people who are using employment agencies, and we can also confirm the importance of such mediators.Therefore, by using a Push-Pull Theory as a prerequisite, we presented a model of a migration mechanism with sufficient conditions of Migration System Theory.
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