1.

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論文(リポジトリ)
村山, 盛一 ; 茅野, 良一 ; 宮里, 清松 ; 野瀬, 昭博 ; Murayama, Seiichi ; Kayano, Ryoichi ; Miyazato, Kiyomatsu ; Nose, Akihiro
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.1-8,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4081
概要: 施肥量, 栽植密度, 挿穂部位, 採苗栄養系の差異がステビアの生育および収量に与える影響を明らかにすることを目的に実験を行ない, 次の結果を得た。1)草丈, 分枝数, 葉数の3形質間には有意な相関があり, 特に分枝数と葉数の間の相関はかなり 高かった(図1)。また, この3形質の生育の進行に伴う増加の様相については, 草丈は生育初期から生育後期まで直線的増加を示していたのに対して, 分枝数と葉数は生育後期に急速に増大する指数関数的増加の様相を示した(図2,図3)。2)施肥量は, a当り3要素各成分量で, 0.7kgよりは1.4kgおよび2.1kgが明らかに生育, 収量ともよかったが, 1.4kg区と2.1kg区の間にはほとんど差はみられなかった(図2,図4)。3)栽植密度については, 1株の生育および収量は畦間60cm, 株間20cmの疎植がよかったが, 単位面積当りの乾葉収量は畦間60cm, 株間10cmの密植がよかった(図3,図4)。本実験の場合は初年株で, しかも1回刈しか実施していないために, このような結果になったと思われるが, 2回刈あるいは2年株以上では, 両者間における差異は小さくなるものと思われる。4)挿穂部位間に生育の差がみられ, 頂部苗が活着, 定植後の生育, 収量もよかった(図5,図6)。5)採苗栄養系が異なると, 生育特性, 葉収量に大きな差がみられ(図7,図8), 採苗栄養系ごとに草丈と収量, 分枝数と収量の相関係数を求めると, 分枝数と葉数の間には, 特に高い相関がみられた(表2)。このことからすると, 分枝数, 葉数が多く, 1枚葉面積の大きい栄養系から採苗した方が増収につながるものと思われる。
Experiments were carried out to study the effects of the amount of fertilizer, planting density, position of the cutting, and mother plant (seedling clone) on the growth and yield of Stevia rebaudiana BERTONI. The results obtained are as follows : 1). Correlation coefficients among plant height, the number of the branch and the number of the leaf were significant, and correlation between the number of the branch and the number of the leaf were especially very high (Fig. 1). 2). The growth and leaf dry matter yield in the high fertilizer level plot (2.1kg/a of N, P_2O_5 and K_2O compound) and the medium level plot (1.4kg/a of the three-element compound) were superior to those in the low level plot (0.7kg/a of the three-element compound), but the difference in the growth and leaf dry matter yield between the high level plot and the medium plot was small (Fig. 2,Fig. 4). 3). As for the planting density, the growth and leaf dry matter yield per plant in the 60cm×20cm plot were superior to those in the 60cm×10cm plot, but leaf dry matter yield per 10a in the high planting density plot of 60cm×10cm was greater than that in the sparse density plot of 60cm×20cm (Fig. 3,Fig. 4). The results mentioned above may be due to the fact that the cutting was done only once a year. If the cutting is done twice a year, or if the ratoon is grown, the difference in the leaf dry matter yield is expected to become small between the two planting density plots. 4). A clear differnece was seen in the growth and leaf dry matter yield among the seedlings obtained from different cutting positions, and seedlings from the top were superior to other seedlings in taking root, growth after planting, and yield (Fig. 5,Fig. 6). 5). The characteristics of growth and leaf dry matter yield showed a large difference with the difference of the clone from which the seedling was obtained (Fig. 7,Fig. 8). 6). Correlation coefficients among plant height, the number of the branch and leaf dry matter yield were significant. Correlation between the number of the branch and leaf dry matter yield was especially very high (Table 2). From these facts, it is expected that high yield will be obtained, if the seedling from the clone having both the large number of branches and leaves with large leaf area is planted.
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2.

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比嘉, 照夫 ; 平良, 文男 ; 米盛, 重友 ; Higa, Teruo ; Taira, Fumio ; Yonemori, Shigetomo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.9-17,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4082
概要: 高温多雨時に収穫される早生温州の品質対策として, リン酸-カリ, ルチンを安定剤としたホウ素とマンガンの葉面散布剤(DA)NAA, BA等の功果について, 開花後40∿50日目を1回処理とし, その後30日おきの計3回の散布処理を行 なった結果, 次の諸点が明らかとなった。1.リン酸-カリは250倍, 500倍ともに増糖の効果があるのに対し, 減酸については500倍のみに認められた。2.DAは増糖, 減酸に高い効果を示し, 500倍の1回, 2000倍の3回が顕著である。3.リン酸-カリ500倍, DA2000倍の併用は, 1回散布で著しい効果が認められる。4.NAAは10ppmおよび25ppmの3回散布で増糖, 減酸の効果が認められるが濃度よりも回数が重要である。5.BAもNAA同様10ppmおよび25ppmで増糖, 減酸の効果が認められ, 2∿3回の復数散布がより効果的である。6.樹の栄養状態による差が認められるが樹勢が強い場合は2∿3回, 樹勢の弱い場合は1∿2回を目安とする。
As one of the methods to produce high-quality Satsuma wasa (Citrus unshiu) in the hot season with much rain, the effect of the folia spray by KH_2PO_4,DA (a substance including rutin for buffer of Bo, Mn solution), NAA, BA was investigeted. The folia spray was started 40 to 50 days after blooming. The treatment was done three times 30 days intervals. The result obtained are brifly summarized as fallows : 1. The sugar content of Satsuma wase treated by KH_2PO_4 of 250 times and 500 times became higher than that of non-treatment. The acid content was reduced when treated by KH_2PO_4 of 500 times. 2. DA had a great effect to increase the sugar content and to reduce the acid content. The treatment by one-time spray of 500 times and three-times spray of 2000 times had highly effct. 3. Mixing treatment by one time-spray of 500 times' KH_2PO_4 and 2000 times' DA was recognized to have very effect increasing sugar content and reducing acid content. 4. The treatment by three-times spray of 10 and 25ppm of NAA was recognized to increase sugar content and reduce acid content. The number of NAA spray was more impotant than the concentration. 5. As treated by NAA, the treatment by 10 and 20ppm of BA was recognized to increase sugar content and to reduce acid content. The effect was greater when sprayed two or three times. 6. The effect of spray was diffrent according to each trees growth condition. Two or three spray were necessary for high-vigar trees but one or two spray for low-vigar trees.
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3.

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論文(リポジトリ)
与那覇, 哲義 ; Yonaha, Tetsuyoshi
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.19-25,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4083
概要: 1975年に那覇市首里で採集したゲッカビジンの退緑斑紋株から分離されたウイルスの寄主範囲, 物理的性質およびウイルス粒子の形態について実験を行ない, これをサボテン・X・ウイルス(Cactus virus X)と同定した。本ウイルスは, 容 易に汁液伝染し, その寄主範囲はサボテン科, アカザ科, ヒユ科およびツルナ科であり, サボテン科以外の植物はすべて局部感染寄主であった。物理的性質は, 耐熱性は80∿85℃, 耐希釈性は10^<-5>∿10^<-6>および耐保存性は20℃においては130日以上, 4℃では400日以上にあった。ウイルス粒子は, ひも状で長さ約525nm, 幅13nmである。県内のウチワサボテンおよびサンカクサボテンなどには本ウイルスの病徴に類似した病株が見られることから本ウイルスは広く分布しているように思われる。
A virus was isolated from broadleaf cactus plant (Epiphyllum strictum) showing severe mottle on the pads at Naha-city, Okinawa prefecture in 1975. The virus was transmitted by sap-inoculation from diseased plant to the families Cactaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae and Aizoaceae. It caused chlorotic ringspot and spot on the pads of cactus plants. Local lesions were produced on inoculated leaves of other host plants. Among them, Cerosia cristata was found to be a useful local lesion assay host. The virus was inactivated in ten minutes between 80℃ and 85℃ and more than 130 days at 20℃. Dilution end point was between 10^<-5> and 10^<-6>. The rod-shaped virus particles were found in leaf-dip preparations of cactus and Tetragonia expansa under electron microscopy and was 525nm long. The virus was identified as an isolate of cactus virus X, and from symptoms in cactus plants it is suggested that the virus is widely distributed in Okinawa.
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4.

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渡嘉敷, 義浩 ; 仲村, 健 ; Tokashiki, Yoshihiro ; Nakamura, Takeshi
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.27-41,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4084
概要: 泥(灰)岩層の上部に国頭礫層および国頭マージが堆積する, 沖縄本島中部の具志川市具志川(O-30)および本島北部の名護市為又原(O-31)土壌(層)断面について, 理化学性や粘土鉱物および1次鉱物組成などの特徴を調べた。そして, 土層間に堆 積する特異的な土層の生成および諸性質の発現を考察し, さらに粘土部分中の鉱物の起源を推察した。両土壌(層)断面の珪岩礫を含有する国頭礫層の上層部は, 赤黄色で強酸性, 粘土含量の少ない軽埴土, 壌土および砂壌土質を示し, 置換性塩基量, CEC, 塩基飽和度およびリン酸吸収係数のいずれもかなり低い特徴を示した。また主要粘土鉱物はカオリン鉱物, イライトやバーミキユライト-クロライト中間種が含有され, 他にバーミキユライトーイライトあるいはクロライトーバーミキユライトの不規則混層鉱物がそれぞれ随伴し, 1次鉱物のほとんどが石英からなり, 他に長石あるいはクリストバライトが付随した。他方, 両断面の泥灰岩層は少量の炭酸カルシウムを含有し, 灰色で弱アルカリ性を示し希塩酸溶液で発泡した。この土層は粘土含量の比較的少ない埴壌土やシルト質壌土質を示し, 置換性塩基は特にCa量が著しく多く, 次にMg量が続き, CECやリン酸吸収係数もかなり大きな値を示した。また粘土鉱物組成はイライト, モンモリロナイトが主体を占め, 他にバーミキユライト, バーミキユライト-クロライト中間種, クロライトおよびカオリン鉱物が随伴した。シルト部分の1次鉱物は主に石英で, 他に少量の長石およびクリストバライトが含まれた。具志川(O-30)では国頭礫層と泥灰岩層との層間には, 薄い赤色土層が上層から運搬集積され, 強酸性の重埴土質で置換性塩基のCa量よりMg量に富む, CECおよびリン酸吸収係数のいずれもかなり大きな性質の特異な土層が生成された。この土層には2 : 1型や2 : 2型鉱物からなる中間種や不規則混層鉱物は含まれず, イライトやバーミキユライトが主要粘土鉱物で, これらにカオリン鉱物が附随し, シルト部分には石英だけが含有された。また, 同断面の薄い赤色土層直下の泥岩層は, 酸性硫酸塩土壌への可能性を有する強酸性の軽埴土質, および置換性塩基のMg量がCa量より多い特徴を除けば, 泥灰岩層の特徴によく類似した。これらのことから, 泥岩層と泥灰岩層との差異は, 土層中の炭酸カルシウム含有量の多少にあることを推察し, さらに堆積物の質とその周辺の堆積環境条件の影響によることを推察した。一方, 為又原(O-31)では, 国頭礫層と泥灰岩層との層間に珪岩礫を含有する, かなり厚い赤黄色の酸性∿弱アルカリ性を示す埴壌土および壌土質の土層が生成された。粘土鉱物はイライトやモンモリロナイトが主体で, 他にバーミキユライト, バーミキユライト-クロライト中間種, カオリン鉱物が随伴し, 1次鉱物は石英が主でその他に長石やクリストバライトが含有された。この土層の諸性質は, 国頭礫層と泥灰岩層との中間的な性質を示し, 堆積時期における両堆積物の混合撹拌を推測させ, 主要粘土鉱物のモンモリロナイトはもともと生成されていた泥灰岩層のものであることを推察した。
Two soil profiles were selected in the middle and the northern parts of Okinawa Island in order to characterize physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the soil in relation to the underlying deposit materials. And special attentions were payed to peculiar layers interlain for genesis and mineralogy. These two profiles consisted of acidic red and yellow soils which were locally calledKunigami maaji, Kunigami gravel and marl (or mudstone) in descending order. One soil profile (no. O-30) was located at Gushikawa, Gushikawa-shi of the middle part of Okinawa Island and the other profile (no. O-31) was at Bimatabaru, Nago-shi of the northern part. In the both profiles the layers ofKunigami maajisoil and Kunigami gravels which contained quartzite were red to yellowish, strongly acidic, and of light clay to sandy loam. The upper layers were considerably low in exchangeable bases, CEC, base saturation and phosphorus absorption coefficient. The major crystalline materials in the clay fraction were kaolin minerals, illite and vermiculite-chlorite intergrade, and the minor ones were vermiculite, and illite or chlorite and vermiculite irregular mixed-layer mineral. In the silt fraction the primary mineral quartz was the major constituent, and also found were feldspars and/or cristobalite in a minor quantity. On the other hand, the lower layers consisting of marl deposite at the both profiles showed grayish color, slightly deposit at the both profiles showed grayish color, slightly alkaline reaction, and clay loam to silty loam texture. They contained a small quantity of free calcium carbonate and effervesced with dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The CEC and phosphorus absorption coefficient were comparatively high and exchangeable calcium was much higher than magnesium. The major crystalline materials in the clay fraction were illite and montmorillonite accompanied by a minor amount of vermiculite, vermiculite-chlorite intergrade, chlorite and kaolin minerals. The primary mineral in the silt fraction was mainly consisted of quartz accompanied by a small amount of feldspars and cristobalite. At Gushikawa profile (no. O-30) a peculiar red colored thin layer was found between Kunigami gravel and marl deposit. It was assumed that the red layer was formed by a translocation-accumulation process of the materials from overlying Kunigami gravel to the present position. The red layer was strongly acidic and of heavy clay. Exchangeable magnesium was higher than calcium, and the CEC and phosphorus absorption coefficient were much higher in this layer than those in the overlying layer of Kunigami gravel. Neither the intergrade nore the mixed-layer minerals were identified in the clay fraction, and quartz alone was identified in the silt fraction of the red layer. The mudstone deposit overlain by the red layer was quite similar to the color of previously mentioned marl deposit. But it carried some properties of acid sulfate soil, namely it was strongly acid and contained more exchangeable magnesium than calcium and showed texture of light clay. Accordingly a remarkable difference was recongnized between the mustone and marl deposits by the contents of calcium carbonate. It was assumed that changes of substances and sedimentation condition had caused the difference in the deposits of mudstone and marl. At the Bimatabaru profile (no. O-31) thick layers containing quartzite gravels were found between Kunigami gravel and marl deposit. These layers were red and yellow in color, clay loam to loam in texture and acid to slightly alkaline in reaction. The major crystalline minerals in the clay fraction from these layers were illite and montmorillonite accompanied by a small amount of vermiculite, vermiculite-chlorite intergrade and kaolin minerals. In the silt fraction identified were quartz in a large quantity and feldspars and cristobalite in a small quantity. Any of physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of the layers were inter
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知念, 功 ; 石松, 亮 ; 福田, 亘博 ; Chinen, Isao ; Ishimatsu, Akira ; Fukuda, Nobuhiro
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.43-56,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4085
概要: ハブ毒を不溶性コラーゲンに作用し, 生成してくる可溶性ペプタイド中のヒドロキシプロリン含量を定量することにより, ハブ毒コラゲナーゼ活性を求めた。この酵素の至適pHは, 8.0であり, 至適温度は, 60℃であった。この不溶性コラーゲンにこ の酵素を吸着させ(30℃, 60分反応), 遠心し, 1M食塩溶液で溶出し, 本酵素を精製した。本酵素の吸着率は, 80%であった。また溶出率も80%であった。このコラーゲンと粗毒の添加割合は, 300 : 1の時本酵素の吸着率は, 最大であった。この精製酵素をさらにセファデックスG-75,G-150ゲルカラムクロマトグラフィーにかけ純化した結果, その純化倍率は, 約1.13倍になった。この純化酵素は, ディスクポリアクリルアミドゲル電気泳動的に2個以上のバンドが見られ, またコラゲナーゼ活性以外にカゼイン水解活性も見られた。
Collagenase activity of Habu venom was measured the amount of hydroxyproline of soluble peptide liberated by reaction of the venom and insoluble collagen (60℃, 30 min). The enzyme activity was maximum at pH 8.0 and at 60℃. The purification of the enzyme was carried out by being adsorbed onto insoluble collagen (30℃, 60min), centrifuged, and eluted with 1M sodium cloride solution. Rate of adsorption of the enzyme was maximum, 80% for total activity, when ratio of insoluble collagen to the enzyme was 300 : 1,and the elution also 80% for activity of the enzyme adsorbed. Further purification of the enzyme fraction by Sephadex G-75 and G-150 column chromatography was found to be a 6.5% over all yield and a 1.13 fold increase in specific activity. The purified enzyme revealed two more bands by disc gel electrophoresis and hydrolysed casein.
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知念, 功 ; 大城, ゆみ子 ; 饒平名, とく子 ; 小渡, 恵子 ; 兼村, 憲勝 ; 岩永, 貞昭 ; Chinen, Isao ; Oshiro, Yumiko ; Nohina, Tokuko ; Odo, Keiko ; Kanemura, Norikatsu ; Iwanaga, Sadaaki
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.57-68,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4086
概要: サキシマハブ毒のタンパク質水解活性を調べた結果, Tos-Arg-OMeHCl, Casein, Insoluble Collagene, Tos-Lys-OMeHCl, Ac-L-Gly-Lys-OMe AcOHに対する水解活性が見られた 。その内でもTAME活性は, 49.41(x10^<-3>M TAME/mg/min)で高い値であった。このTAME水解酵素は, pH2.5∿11の範で安定であったが, 70℃以上(10分間)に加熱するとその活性は, 急激に減少した。またその酵素の至適温度は, 45℃であった。この蛇毒をセファデックスG-75カラムにのせ精製すると2個の活性ピークが見られ, その内の主要活性ピーク部をさらにセファデックスG-75,DEAEセルロースカラムを用いて精製すると, 最終的にこの分画から3個の活性ピークが見られた。
Sakishima habu venom hydrolyzes Tos-Arg-OMeHCl (49.41 TAME×10^<-3>M/mg/min), casein (13.26 tyrosine μg/mg/min), insoluble collagen (3.26 hypro. μg/mg/min), Tos-Lys-OMeHCl (1.43 TLME×10^<-3>M/mg/min), and Ac-L-Gly-Lys-OMeOH (0.38 AGLE×10^<-3>M/mg/min). The TAME hydrolyzing enzyme is stable in a pH region of 2.5 to 11 and at temperature below 50℃ (10 min); however it becomes unstable over 70℃. The enzyme activity was maxium at 45℃. Sephadex G-75 gel filtration of the venom was found to contain two active peaks, and further purification of the main active fraction by Sephadex G-75 and DEAE cellulose column chromatography was demonstrated to have three active peaks.
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当山, 清善 ; 与那覇, 和雄 ; 石原, 昌信 ; 弘津, 達也 ; Toyama, Seizen ; Yonaha, Kazuo ; Ishihara, Masanobu ; Hirotsu, Tatsuya
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.69-77,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4087
概要: 泡盛麹菌におけるシステインスルフィン酸のアミノ基転移反応について調べた結果, グルコース・ペプトン含有培地で振とう培養して得た菌体の無細胞抽出液がシステインスルフィン酸とα-ケトグルタル酸からL-グルタミン酸の生成反応を触媒した。システイン スルフィン酸がアミノ基転移反応を受けて生成するケト酸は, β-スルフィニールピルビン酸が分解されてできるピルビン酸であった。無細胞抽出液は, システインスルフィン酸のトランスアミナーゼ反応で生成されたL-グルタミン酸とピルビン酸のアミノ基転移反応も触媒し, L-アラニンを生成した。システインスルフィン酸トランスアミナーゼ反応の至適pHは7.0∿9.0で, 反応の至適温度は37℃であった。
The cell-free extract of Aspergillus awamori, grown on peptone-glucose medium with shaking, catalyzed the transamination reaction between cysteinesulfinate and α-ketoglutarate to produced L-glutamate. The keto acid formed in the transaminase reaction from cysteinesulfinate was pyruvate. The pyruvate will presumably be produced from β-sulfinylpyruvate, a deamination product of cysteinesulfinate. The transamination of L-glutamate and pyruvate, which were produced in the cysteinesulfinate transaminase reaction, was also catalyzed by the cell-free extract of the strain to yield L-alanine. The optimal pH and temperature for the transaminase reaction were 7.0-9.0 and 37℃, respectively.
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8.

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論文(リポジトリ)
当山, 清善 ; 与那覇, 和雄 ; 石原, 昌信 ; Toyama, Seizen ; Yonaha, Kazuo ; Ishihara, Masanobu
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.79-87,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4088
概要: 甘蔗バガスのアルカリ処理を行ない, アルカリ抽出液の紫外部吸収値とアルカリ処理条件との関係について調べた。バガスに水酸化ナトリウム(NaOH)溶液を加え, 120℃で20分処理するとバガス重量が減少するとともに, 紫外部に吸収を有する抽出液 が得られた。抽出液は, pH7.0で280nm及び202nmに吸収極大を有し, 310nmに吸収の肩があった。アルカリ抽出液の280nm値は, バガスを処理するアルカリ溶液の濃度及び液量の増加に伴って増大した。バガス重量に対して20倍量の0.5%NaOH溶液を加え, 120℃で20分間処理すると高い280nm値を有した抽出液が得られた。バガスの微生物及び酵素による分解性は, アルカリ処理でバガスから紫外部吸収物質を除去することにより高められた。
Sugarcane bagasse was treated with alkali, and the effects of conditions for the alkali-treatment on the ultraviolet-absorption value of the alkali-extract were investigated. When bagasse was treated with NaOH solution at 120℃ for 20 min, the dry weight of bagasse decreased and the alkali-extract showed characteristic ultraviolet absorption. The extract had absorption peaks at 280nm and 202nm, and shoulder at 310nm in neutral solution. The absorption value at 280nm of the alkali-extract increased with increase in the concentration and volume of NaOH solution. When bagasse was treated with 0.5% NaOH solution in ratio of 1 : 20 (w/v) at 120℃ for 20 min, the high absorption-value at 280nm of the extract was obtained. The removal of the ultraviolet-absorbing material of bagasse by treatment with alkali caused an increase in the degradability of the bagasse by microorganism and enzyme.
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9.

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石原, 昌信 ; 与那覇, 和雄 ; 当山, 清善 ; Ishihara, Masanobu ; Yonaha, Kazuo ; Toyama, Seizen
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.89-102,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4089
概要: 各種カビにおけるL-アラニン : α-ケトグルタル酸トランスアミナーゼ活性を調べた結果, 泡盛麹菌(Asp. awamori IFO4122)を蔗糖-ペプトン含有培地で振とう培養し, 得られた菌体の無細胞抽出液中に高い酵素活性が得られた。本 酵素はL-アラニンとα-ケトグルタル酸からL-グルタミン酸とピルビン酸を生成するアミノ基転移反応を触媒し, 本反応の逆反応も触媒した。本酵素は, 供試泡盛麹菌株の無細胞抽出液から硫安分画及び各種のカラムクロマトグラフィーにより55倍に精製された。精製酵素のゲル滬過法で求めた分子量は104,000であり, 吸収スペクトルは280nm, 320nm及び418nmに吸収極大があった, 精製酵素はL-アラニンに特異的で, L-アラニン及びα-ケトグルタル酸に対するkm値は2.9mMであった。酵素反応の至適pHは7.0∿8.0で, 至適温度は45℃であった。
The activity of L-alanine : α-ketoglutarate transaminase in the cell-free extracts of various molds has been determined. A high activity of the transaminase was found in the cell-free extract of Aspergillus awamori IFO 4122 grown on sucrose-peptone medium with shaking, and the strain was chosen for characterization and purification of the enzyme. The enzyme catalyzed reversibly the transamination between L-alanine and α-ketoglutarate producing L-glutamate and pyruvate. The enzyme was purified 55 fold from the cell-free extract, using ammonium sulfate fractionation and various chromatographic techniques. A molecular weight of 104,000 was obtained by gel filtration. The purified enzyme exhibits absorption maxima at 280nm, 320nm and 418nm, at pH 8.0. The purified enzyme was highly specific for L-alanine and the Km value for L-alanine and α-ketoglutarate was estimated to be 2.9mM. The optimal pH and temperature for the transaminase reaction were 7.0-8.0 and 45℃, respectively.
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10.

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宮里, 興信 ; 安田, 正昭 ; 上地, 玄作 ; Miyazato, Koshin ; Yasuda, Masaaki ; Uechi, Gensaku
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.103-108,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4090
概要: 紅麹のみで豆腐[ヨウ]を製造し, 熟成過程中の一般成分の変化について調べた。1.原料豆腐は, 乾燥処理により水分はかなり減少し, 微生物により豆腐の大豆蛋白質は分解される事がわかった。2.豆腐[ヨウ]区分では, 総窒素および蛋白態窒素は, 著しく減少しアミノ態窒素, 直接還元糖はかなり増加したが, 他の成分は漬込後, あまり変化は認められなかった。3.漬汁区分においては, 総窒素, アミノ態窒素, 直接還元糖等は, 漬込初期に著しく増加し, 12週目には減少していた。アンモニア態窒素及び蛋白態窒素は漬込後, 増加しその後は除々に減少していた。4.豆腐[ヨウ]の熟成の目安の一つとして, 原料豆腐中の蛋白態窒素に対する熟成豆腐[ヨウ]の蛋白態窒素の割合が考えられ, その比率を求めると約52%であった。5.豆腐[ヨウ]に吸着される紅麹色素は, 熟成に伴い増加していた。
This paper reports changes in the chemical components of the Tofuyo and Soak processed by Beni-Koji as a function of an aging process. The results obtained were as follows : 1. In the dehydration process of Tofu, moisture and protein decreased remarkably. 2. The chemical components of Tofuyo behaved in a way different from those of Soak. (i) The contents of the total nitrogen and protein nitrogen of Tofuyo decreased markedly, and those of amino nitrogen and reducing sugar increased significantly. But after soaking, other components did not change notably. (ii) The contents of the total nitrogen, amino nitrogen, and reducing sugar of Soak increased at an early stage, but these contents decreased at the final stage. However, the contents of the ammonia nitrogen and protein nitrogen of Soak increased, after that, these contents decreased gradually. 3. As one of the indicators for determining the ripeness of Tofuyo, a use of a coefficient, a percentage of Tofuyo protein nitrogen to Tofu protein nitrogen, was proposed. And the value for the best ripening stage was determined as 52%. 4. Beni-Koji pigments in Tofuyo increased throughout the aging process carried out.
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11.

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安田, 正昭 ; 宮里, 興信 ; 菊池, 修二 ; Yasuda, Masaaki ; Miyazato, Koshin ; Kikuchi, Shuji
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.109-117,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4091
概要: 放線菌のアラビナン分解活性を調べた結果, さとうきび畑から分離したStreptomyces sp.No.44菌株が最も高い活性を有することがわかった。Streptomyces sp.No.44菌株をテンサイ粕抽出液を含むペプトン培地(初発p H6.5∿7.0)で30℃, 36時間振とう培養を行うことによりアラビナナーゼがよく生産された。本酵素はアラビナンを加水分解し, 非還元性末端よりアラビノースのみを生成するいわゆる糖化型アラビナナーゼであることが明らかになった。本酵素の反応最適pHは5.5∿7.0で, 反応最適温度は50℃であった。
The production and some properties of the enzyme hydrolyzing arabinan by Streptomyces sp. were described. The production of the enzyme was investigated with 262 strains of the actinomycetes isolated from soils of sugar-cane fields in Okinawa. The highest production of the enzyme was found in the culture fluid of Streptomyces sp. No. 44. In order to find the medium conditions required for the improvement of the enzyme production by this strain, the organism was grown in the medium containing beet-pulp extract. The best enzyme production was obtained when the organism was grown in the medium (initial pH 6.5-7.0) containing beet pulp extract at 30℃ for 36hr under aerobic conditions. When L-arabinan was hydrolyzed with arabinanase, oligo saccharide was not liberated, but only L-arabinose was liberated. The enzyme had the maximum reactivity at about pH 5.5-7.0 and 50℃ for the arabinanase reaction.
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安田, 正昭 ; 宮里, 興信 ; 島袋, 政朋 ; Yasuda, Masaaki ; Miyazato, Koshin ; Shimabukuro, Masatomo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.119-128,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4092
概要: 放線菌のヘミセルラーゼ活性を調べた結果, さとうきび畑土壌から分離されたStreptomyces sp.No.131.菌株が最も高い活性を有することがわかった。Streptomyces sp.No.131菌株を甘蔗バガスのヘミセルロース(2 %)を含むペプトン培地(初発pH8.5), 30℃, 72hr振とう培養を行うことによりヘミセルラーゼがよく生産された。本酵素は培地中の甘蔗バガスヘミセルロースにより誘導生成された。本菌の生産するヘミセルラーゼは, 甘蔗バガスヘミセルロースを加水分解しキシロオリゴ糖とキシロースを生成する酵素で, 液化型キシラナーゼである。本酵素の反応最適pHは7.5で, 反応最適温度は50℃であった。
The association constants and molar extinction coefficients of the product of the addition reaction of all-trans-retinal and 20 amino acids were determined. Those having the higher pK values of amino group, such as L-ornithine, L-lysine, and β-alanine, gave greater association constants, indicating not only the association constant of retinylidene-compound formation but also the pK value of the amino group involved in the reaction would be utilized as an indicator for the purpose of screening amino-acid related, food-originated insect-vision inhibitors at a molecular level. For aniline and hydroxylamine, the association constants and molar extinction coefficients of the respective product formed were also determined. L-Lysine, aniline, and hydroxylamine modified the photopotentials generated across all-trans-retinal bilayer lipid membranes in appropriate conditions, showing the applicability of the membrane system for screening the insect-vision inhibitors having amino groups.
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外間, 宏一 ; 仲宗根, 洋子 ; 名嘉真, 勉 ; 照屋, 勝 ; Hokama, Koichi ; Nakasone, Yoko ; Nakama, Tsutomu ; Teruya, Masaru
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.163-173,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4097
概要: 1.サツマイモβ-アミラーゼによる沖縄産サトイモ澱紛アミロペクチンのβ-限界デキストリンは, 61%であった。2.過ヨウ素酸化法で求めた同アミロペクチンの平均鎖長は, 13であった。3.平均鎖長とβ-アミラーゼ分解限度との組合せによって求め た外側の鎖長及び内側の鎖長は, それぞれ, 10及び2であった。
1. The β-limit dextrine of the starch amylopectin of the wet-taro cultivated in Okinawa was determined as 61% by the β-amylase prepared from sweet potato. 2. The average chain length of amylopectin was found to be approximately 13 by periodate oxidation procedure. 3. The external and internal chain lengths were calculated as 10 and 2,respectively, by utilizing both of the average chain length and the β-limit dextrin.
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仲宗根, 洋子 ; Nakasone, Yoko
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.175-181,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4098
概要: The polysaccharide contents present in various diffusion juices such as no limed juice, limed juice and juice from limed sugar cane, were 0.4,0.4 and 1.6 grams per liter of juice, respectively. More than 80% of the polysaccharides from these juices were obtained as water soluble fraction. The polysaccharides from no limed juice contained hemicelluloses which were predominantly composed of galactose, glucose and arabinose. The polysaccharides from limed cane also contained α-glucan in addition to hemicelluloses. This glucan in limed juice was not so remarkable as in limed cane. Separation of hemicelluloses by gel filtration was not successful.
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山城, 三郎 ; 吉永, 安俊 ; Yamashiro, Saburo ; Yoshinaga, Anshun
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.203-211,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4100
概要: 1.本研究はポット試験によって, サトウキビのカンガイにおける有効土壌水分の下限値について検討するものである。2.上記の目的を達成するために, 本年度はサトウキビを植え付けた78個のポットを13のグループに分け, 各グループにおけるポットの 土壌水分をそれぞれpF1.9,pF2.3,pF2.7,pF3.0,pF3.3,pF3.4,pF3.5,pF3.6,pf3.7,pF3.8,pF3.9,pF4.0,pF4.2に対応するように制御してサトウキビの平均日蒸散量および生育状況とこれらのpF値との関係を調べた。また各pF区におけるサトウキビの平均日蒸散量と気温, 日射量および蒸発計蒸発量との関係を調べ, その面からも有効土壌水分の下限値について検討した。3.各pF区における平均日蒸散量と気温, 日射量および蒸発計蒸発量との関係はそれぞれ直線で示された。平均日蒸散量, 平均日蒸散量とこれらの気象要因との関係直線の勾配, サトウキビの茎長, 茎径および乾物重量はpF3.5あたりまではpF値の増大に伴い緩やかに減小し, その後は急減する傾向を示した。しかし, サトウキビの草丈とpF値との関係は負の勾配を持つ直線で示された。4.サトウキビのカンガイにおける有効土壌水分の下限値としては約pF3.5に対応する土壌水分が適当であると推察される。
1. This study was done in order to investigate on the lowest limit of available soil moisture in irrigation for sugarcane. The sugarcane which was used in this test was planted in pots. 2. To attain this purpose, the seventy eight pots in which the sugarcane was planted were divided into thirteen groups and soil moisture of the pots in each groups was controlled at pF1.9,pF2.3,pF2.7,pF3.0,pF3.3,pF3.4,pF3.5,pF3.6,pF3.7,pF3.8,pF3.9,pF4.0 and pF4.2 respectively. We investigated the relationship between average daily transpiration, growth of the sugarcane and the values of pF. We also investigated the relationship between average daily transpiration in each groups and temperature, solar radiation and pan evaporation respectively and we considered on the lowest limit of available soil moisture also from this side. 3. The relationship between average daily transpiration and temperture, solar radiation and pan evaporation showed linear equation respectively. The average daily transpiration, the gradients of the linear equations on the relationship between the average daily transpiration and these meterological factors, stem length, stem diameter and dry weight of the sugarcane decreased slowly until about pF3.5,but quickly after that for the increase of the values of pF. But the relationship between plant length of the sugarcane and the values of pF showed linear equation with negative gradient. 4. It seems that the soil moisture at about pF3.5 may be suitable for the lowest limit of available soil moisture in irrigation for sugarcane.
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吉永, 安俊 ; 山城, 三郎 ; Yoshinaga, Anshun ; Yamashiro, Saburo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.213-222,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4101
概要: 本研究はサトウキビのタン水時間とタン水被害および地下水位と湿害の関係について行ったものである。1.タン水被害についてタン水深50cmの状態において平均草丈約60cmの生育初期のサトウキビの被害率はタン水時間と共に被害率は大きくなる。例えば, 12時間タン水, 24時間タン水, 48時間タン水において一時的ではあるが, 無タン水区に対する被害率がそれぞれ10%, 32%, 42%に達する。平均草丈が約160cmに成長したサトウキビに関しては, タン水深50cmの状態では, タン水時間の差による生育への影響は明確ではなかった。タン水被害はタン水深が一定ならばサトウキビの草丈の影響を受けて, 草丈が大きい程被害は少なくなる傾向がある。2.湿害について地下水位が高い程サトウキビの生育状況は悪くなり, 5cm区, 20cm区では明らかに湿害の影響が現われているのがわかる。地下水位5cm区においては土壌表面の水分はほぼ飽和状態であるにもかかわらずサトウキビの分ケツ茎数および草丈に増加が認められ, サトウキビは湿害にきわめて強い作物であることがわかる。3.現地における湿害久米島仲里村中部地区におけるサトウキビの収量と年雨量との関係から湿害の有無を調査した結果, 湿害が発生していることが認められた。この結果は現地における聞き取り調査と一致した。
The study was made on the relations that exist between the length of submerging time in water and the submerged damage, and between the ground-water level and the excess-moisture injury. 1. Submerged damage Under submergence in the depth of 50cm, damage rate for a sugarcane of the average plant hieght of 60cm increases with the length of submerging time. For example, at submerging time of 12hrs, 24hrs, and 48hrs, the damage rates, in ratio to the non-submergence, although transitory, reaches to 10%, 32%, 42% respectively. As for the sugarcane of the average hieght of 160cm, damage of submergence was not observed in the depth of 50cm. Submerged damage in a fixed submerging depth is affected by the hieght of a sugarcane; the higher the sugarcane, the less the damage. 2. Excess-moisture injury The higher the ground-water level, the worse the growth of a sugarcane; In the groups of 5-cm-level, and 20-cm-level, an effect of excess-moisture injury was clearly recognized. In the groups of 5-cm-level, despite of the fact that the moisture on the surface of the soil is nearly in the state of saturation, an increase the number of tiller and the height of the sugarcane was recognized.
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吉永, 安俊 ; 山城, 三郎 ; Yoshinaga, Anshun ; Yamashiro, Saburo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.223-229,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4102
概要: 人工降雨を用いて, 土壌の浸透速度の減少過程を降雨開始から経時的に調べた。1.降雨の経過時間に伴う浸透速度の減少過程は図-7で示される逆S字状をなし, タン水深が約10mmに達するまで減少を示し, タン水深が約10mmのとき浸透速度は最小値 に達する。その後若干回復するがほぼ平衡状態を保つ。2.浸透速度の減少過程は降雨強度によって異なり, 降雨強度が大きい程, 減少量は小さい。3.それぞれの降雨強度における最小浸透速度の値を降雨未経験試料の値に対する割合で示すと, 117mm/hrで1/4,74mm/hrで1/10,32mm/hrで1/14となる。従って降雨強度の小さな雨をタン水深が約10mmに達するまで経験させると, 浸透速度はかなりの割合で低下するものと考える。
Making use of a rain simulator, an observation was made on the process of decrease in the percolation ratio of the soil. 1. The process of decrease in percolation ratio versus the lapse of time of rainfall forms a reversed S curve as shown in Fig. 7. It shows a decrease of percolation ratio until the depth of flood reaches around 10mm, and the percolation ratio shows it's minimum value at the depth of 10mm. From then on it regains a little, but holds a state close to the equilibrium. 2. The process of decrease of the percolation ratio differs with the intensity of rainfall; the stronger the intensity, the less the decrease. 3. The proportion of minimum percolation ratio at each rainfall intensity to the percolation of the meterial with none rainfall experience, are 1/4 at 117mm/hr, 1/10 at 74mm/hr and 1/14 at 32mm/hr. Therefore, it is infered that if rainfall of a small intensity is experienced until the depth of flood reaches approximately 10mm, the ratio of percolation should decrease remarkably.
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18.

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論文(リポジトリ)
新城, 俊也 ; Shinjo, Toshiya
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.231-245,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4103
概要: 締固めた泥質れき状土について三軸圧縮試験を行い, 強度・変形特性に及ぼす締固め含水比, 乾燥密度(締固め仕事量), 締固め方法及び水浸作用の影響を明らかにした。その結果を要約すると, 次のようになる。(1)側圧一定のUU試験による非水浸状態 の応力∿ひずみ関係は締固め密度と含水比の影響を受けるが, 水浸状態ではすべてひずみ硬化型であり, これらは締固め方法の影響を受けない。また, 水浸状態の応力∿ひずみ関係にはKondnerの双曲線式が適用できる。(2)非水浸強度は含水比一定のとき密度とともに増大し, 強度(対数)と密度の関係は線形関係にあり, 自然含水比より乾燥側では締固め方法の影響を受けないが, 湿潤側では静的締固めによる強度が動的締固めよりも大きい。一方, 水浸状態の強度は締固め含水比に関係なく, 水浸後の乾燥密度とともに増大し, 強度(対数)と乾燥密度の関係は線形で, しかも零空積曲線上の強度分布を表示している。(3)以上の結果を含水比ω, 乾燥密度γ_d, 強度(対数)log(σ_1-σ_3)fを軸とする座標空間に表示すると, ω∿γ_d∿log(σ_1-σ_3)f関係は, 非水浸状態では側圧によって変動する曲面で, 水浸状態では側圧に一定な曲線で示される。(4)非水浸状態に対する側圧を変えたUU試験では, 応力∿ひずみ関係は締固め含水比, 密度, 側圧の影響を受ける。また, 強度定数cu, φuは, 含水比一定の場合, 密度とともにcuの増加とφuの減少傾向にあるが, 密度一定の場合, 含水比に対しcuはほぼ一定で, φuは自然含水比の乾燥側で大きい。(5)水浸飽和後のCU試験では, 水浸により吸水現象を示すにもかかわらず, 圧密過程では低密度の締固めは体積圧縮, 高密度の締固めは吸水膨張を示し, その中間の締固めでは圧密圧力に伴って吸水膨張から体積圧縮へと変化する。これらの応力∿ひずみ関係はひずみ硬化型である場合が多いが, 湿潤側あるいは自然含水比での高密度の締固めではひずみ硬化∿軟化型である。また, これらの含水比∿圧密圧力∿強度関係を正規圧密粘土のそれと比較すると, 水浸作用を受けても, その挙動は過圧密的である。(6)標準的な締固め仕事量による締固めの場合, 有効応力にもとづく強度定数c', φ'は締固め含水比の影響を受けず, そのうちのφ'に注目すると, 正規圧密粘土に対するφ'=26°(c'=0)よりも大きく, 高密度の締固めに対する値よりは小さい。
In this paper the influence of soaking on shearing properties of compacted nondurable mudstone aggregate are investigated by triaxial tests with the specimens compacted with dynamic or static compaction methods at various molding water content and dry density. The shape of stress-strain relation in unsoaked specimens at constant confining pressure turned from strain-hardening to strain-hardening-softening type with the decrease of molding water content and the increase of dry density. On the other hand, those of specimens subjected to wetting were found to be strain-hardening type, regardless the compaction methods. Compacted strength (σ_1-σ_3)_f increased with dry density γ_d at constant molding water content, and log (σ_1-σ_3)_f-γ_d relations were liniarity. This liniarity was recognized in soaked specimens which were situated on zero air void curves. In the case of soaked specimens compacted with standard Procter compaction efforts, the influence of the molding water content on the effective stress strength parameters c' and φ' were relatively small. One of these parameters, the internal angle of friction, φ', were found to be higher value more than in remoulded normally consolidated, but lower than in soaked specimens compacted in densely with heavy efforts at natural water content.
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19.

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論文(リポジトリ)
宜保, 清一 ; Gibo, Seiichi
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.247-255,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4104
概要: 排土方法がすべり面強度定数と密接な関係にありながら, 仮定に基づいた強度定数を使用することは安全率を不確実なものにするため, 設計が不鮮明になり, 適切な対策を行うことができない。したがって, セン断試験結果をc'-φ'図と関係づけて決定し た強度定数c^^^-', φ^^^-'を排土工に適用して安全率の問題を論じることは意義あることである。検討結果を箇条書きにすると, 以下のようになる。(1)翁長地内の地すべりにおいてはすべり面の強度低下が著しく, 残留係数はR=0.966となる。(2)c'-φ'関係式とモール・クーロンの破壊規準に残留係数を導入することによって, 地すべり面の平均セン断強度定数c^^^-', φ^^^-'が一義的に決まる。(3)地すべり対策では, 信頼できる強度定数に基づいて設計がなされるべきであり, 翁長地内地すべりの場合c^^^-'=0.136kg/cm^2,φ^^^-'=14°27'を適用した結果, 良好である。(4)Benchingは, Flatteningに比べて排土効果が大であるが, 実際地すべりに適用するに際しては二次すべりの危険性や経済性も考慮した両者の有利な組合わせをButtress等の押え工と併用すべきである。
This report deals with the determination of the average shear strength parameters, ^^^- and <φ'>^^^-, mobilized on the slip surface at sliding. In general, it is difficult to explain the occurrence of a landslide with stability analysis based on the result of routine tests on an overconsolidated clay like Shimajiri mudstone, and a problem always arises in selecting the kind of strength parameters to be used. In order to approach the problem, the residual factor, R, is introduced into the c'-φ' relationship obtained by the back analysis and the failure criteria of Mohr-Coulomb, and this makes the determination of the parameters, ^^^- and <φ'>^^^-, possible. This report also considers the remedial excavation (flattening and benching cut) on the landslide and indicates, from the investigation into the relation between the quantity of excavation and satety factor resulting from stability analysis based on the parameters, ^^^- and <φ'>^^^-, that benching of the slope becomes clear to be more available than flattening. Benching work, however, has a close connection with the satety of a slope and a structure located to the upper part of the troubled area. Consequently, a method to effectively combine the both excavations should be used at the present time, together with buttress, counterweight fills and so on.
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翁長, 謙良 ; Onaga, Kenryo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.257-264,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4105
概要: 現地における土壌侵食枠試験は1雨毎の観測を積み重ねることにより精度を高めることができるが, 結果は多くの雨による流亡土の観測もいくつかあった。然しトータルとしての降雨エネルギーと流亡土量との関係は把握できた。結果を要約するとつぎのとおりであ る。1)傾斜別試験区では傾斜が高い程流亡土量は多く, 土壌別では粘性の高いものが流亡土量が少ない。2)植生区では植付後2年目からはかなり高い侵食抑制効果が期待できる。3)観測期間中の流亡土量を土の仮比重1.4として土層厚(cm)に換算すると8°区, 5°区, 3°区, でA土壌ではそれぞれ3.6,2.5,1.4でありB土壌では1.0,0.8,0.3である。また植生区, 裸地区では年平均それぞれ3.0,4.4となっている。4)種々の土壌, 地形条件のもとで降雨の単位エネルギー当りの流亡土量を流亡係数として表わし当該地域の侵食性の指標としたい。終りに本研究の一部は昭和54年度文部省自然災害科学特別研究(代表者細山田健三)の補助により行なわれたものであることを附記します。
The purpose of this study is to determine the coefficient of soil erosion factors applicable to the northern parts of Okinawa which excell in Kunigami Maji soil. Two experimintal fields have been selected for a soil erosion research at Yaka, Kin-son. The one consists of three plots (bare soil) which are set at an incline of 8,5 and 3 degrees respectively. The other consists of two plots (vegitative and non-vegitative) which are set at an incline of 10 degrees. The period of observation is from June 1977 to November 1979 in the former field and from July 1977 to December 1979 in the latter one. The rainfall energy of the area was calculated by using the equation y=916+331log_<10>i which was formulated by Wischmeier and Smith and also the soil loss from each plot was measured during the observation period. The results of this observation are as follows : 1. The steeper the field plots were the more soil loss was observed. 2. The effect of vegitative cover in case of pineapples was shown gradually after one year growth. 3. It is desirable to establish the index of erodibiliy in an area by measuring the soil loss coefficent which was calculated by soil loss caused by a unit of rainfall energy.
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論文(リポジトリ)
翁長, 謙良 ; 宮城, 武治 ; Onaga, Kenryo ; Miyagi, Takeharu
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.265-273,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4106
概要: 1.パイナップル根の緊縛強度は生育令50ケ月頃までは増大する傾向にある。2.パイナップル根の長さの総和は引き抜きの際の根の付着土量と高い相関関係がある。3.パイナップル畑は根の影響により裸地畑よりも侵食抑制に対して物理的に効果がある。4.パ イナップルの被覆率は生育令20ケ月頃までは急速に増大する。5.ネピアグラス, ローズグラスはパイナップルやさつまいもに比べ土壌保定作用が極めて大である。
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of erosion control by pineapple vegitation. In preparing the present paper the authors measured mainly the soil holding capacity of pineapple roots and the degree of vegitative cover of pineapples. The root strength of rhodes grasses, napier grasses and sweet potatoes was also measured in order to compare with that of pineapples. The results obtained are as follows : 1. The soil compact strength of the pineapple roots becomes larger with their growth by the age of around 50 months. 2. There is a high correlation between the total length of pineapple roots and their soil holding capacity. 3. In reducing erosion the roots of pineapples help improve aggregation and porosity of the soil. 4. The covering ratio of the sample increases rapidly by the age of around 20 months. 5. Rhodes grasses and napier grasses have a very high soil protection compared with pineapples and sweet potatoes.
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論文(リポジトリ)
新里, 玄徳 ; 新城, 明久 ; 渡嘉敷, 綏宝 ; Shinzato, Gentoku ; Shinjo, Akihisa ; Tokashiki, Suiho
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.285-292,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4108
概要: 外部形質に全く異常が認められない黒毛和種去勢雄についてG1BCOのChromosome Medium1Aの培地を用い全血培養法によって染色体観察を行った。その結果, 牛正常核型には見られない大型の次中部着糸型の染色体がいずれの細胞においても 観察され染色体数は2n=59であった。この染色体異常についてC-およびG-バンド染色を行ったところ2個の常染色体の動原体部の相互転座によって形成され, No.1と29のロバートソン型転座であると考えられた。また, この1/29転座型染色体がいかなる遺伝経緯で去勢雄に流入してきたかについてその血縁牛を検査した結果, 種雄牛由来であることがわかった。さらに転座型染色体を保有した種雄牛から生まれた娘牛と他の種雄牛から生まれた娘牛の体尺測定値の比較において特に差異は認められなかった。
A Japanese Black bullock Bearing a centric fusion in heterozygous from (2n=59) was found. From examination of mitotic chromosomes of cultured lymphocytes which were prepared with conventional and C- and G-banding procedures, the centric fusion was thought to involve chromosomes number 1 and 29 of the bovine karyotype. The abnormal chromosome was apparently inherited from his sire because his dam had a normal karyotype, whereas three of six paternal half-sibs had the translocation. The sire himself was not karyotyped. Five body measurements and judged score were made on progeny (at about 26 months of age) of the translocation carrying bull and other chromosomally normal bulls. No significant differences were noted.
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論文(リポジトリ)
宮城, 悦生 ; Miyagi, Etsuo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.293-301,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4109
概要: 栽植密度がネピアグラスの生産におよぼす影響を検討するため, 株間を50cmと同一にし, 畦幅を50cm, 75cm, 100cmおよび125cmの4試験区を設定し, 1977年と1978年の2ヵ年間試験を実施した。得られた結果は次のとおりで ある。1 生草収量は高密度区ほど増収を示し, 50区で年間10a当り50t以上の収量が得られた。同様に乾物収量についても50区が高収量を示し, 年間10a当り約7tの収量を得た。2 茎数は高密度区ほど単位面積当りの本数が増加し, 乾物収量との間に高い相関がみとめられた。逆に草丈, 一茎当り葉数, 一茎重, 一葉当り葉面積は高密度になるにしたがって抑制される傾向を示した。3 葉面積指数と収量生長速度はともに高密度区ほど高い数値を示し, 乾物収量および茎数との間に高い相関がみとめられた。以上の結果から栽植密度は単位面積当りの茎数に影響をおよぼし, 葉面積指数, 収量生長速度に変化をもたらし, その結果, 乾物収量に強く影響するものと思われる。
In the present experiment, cutting of Napier grass were planted in the fall of 1975. The yield of Napier grass as affected by the planting density was investigated for two years from 1977 to 1978. The planting density was set at 4 different row widths of 50,75,100 and 125cm with an intrarow spacing of 50cm. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The results showed the highest yield in the plots of the highest planting density of 50×50cm, where obtained were 50 tons of fresh yield per 10 are a years equivalent to 7 tons of dry yield. 2. Higher planting density increased in the number of tillers per unit area, and correlation between the plant density and the grass yields were high although the increased planting density tended to show negative effects on the grass height, the number of leaves per tiller, the weight of a tiller and the leaf area per leaf. 3. The leaf area index and the crop growth rate were found to be associated with the planting density, and they were also highly correlated to the dry yield and the number of tillers. From the results obtained here, suggested were possible higher yield of Napier grass by increasing planting density which brought about the increase of the number of tillers per unit area, the leaf area index and the crop growth rate.
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大城, 政一 ; 新城, 明久 ; 高橋, 宏 ; Oshiro, Seiichi ; Shinjo, Akihisa ; Takahashi, Hiroshi
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.303-308,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4110
概要: 本研究は沖縄肉用ヤギを在来型, 一般型およびザーネン種に分け, 3者間の血液諸成分の比較検討を行い, 沖縄肉用在来型ヤギの血液学的特性を明らかにしていくことを目的として行った。供試ヤギは在来型5頭, 一般型14頭およびザーネン種15頭であっ た。いづれのヤギも一般農家で舎飼されているのを供試した。赤血球数は在来型18.9±10^6/mm^3がザーネン種14.1×10^6/mm^3より高い値を示し(P<0.01), 一般型17.0×10^6/mm^3はいずれとも差はなかった。白血球数は3タイプ間に差は認められなかった。Ht値はザーネン種の21.0%より在来型28.2%と一般型33.1%とが有意に高い値を示した(P<0.01)。Hb量は一般型12.9g/dl, 在来型10.6g/dlおよびザーネン種7.6g/dlの順で高い値を示し, 3タイプ間に有意な差があった(P<0.01)。血漿蛋白質量, 血漿アルブミン濃度, A/G比, 血漿総コレステロール濃度, 血漿遊離コレステロール濃度, および血糖値は3タイプ間に有意差は認められなかったが, 血漿尿素態窒素濃度と血漿FFA濃度は在来型(36.1mg/dl, 0.92mEq/l)がザーネン種(20.1mg/dl, 0.56mEq/l)より有意に高い値を示した(P<0.01)。また, 一般型(27.2mg/l)はいずれとも差は認めなかった。赤沈速度は在来型と一般型の両者間に差はなかったが, 両者共にザーネン種より30分値, 60分値, 90分値および120分値において有意に高い値を示した(P<0.01)。24時間値は3タイプ間に差は認められなかった。
In this experiments, which were planed to throw light on the charateristics of native type goats, blood compositions of native, ordinary type and Saanen breed goats in Okinawa were compared. The results were summarized as follows. Native type (28.2%) and ordinary type (33.1%) were higher than Saanen breed (21.0%) in hematocrit value significantly (P<0.01). In Erythrocyte counts, native type (18.9×10^6/(mm)^3) was higher than Saanen breed (14.1×10^6/(mm)^3) significantly (P<0.01), but ordinary type (17.0×10^6/(mm)^3) did not differ from two others. Native type (10.6g/dl), ordinary type (12.9g/dl) and Saanen breed (7.6g/dl) in hemoglobin content differed each others significantly (P<0.01). Leucocyte counts, plasma protein, plasma albumin, A/G ratio, plasma total cholesterol, plasma free cholesterol and plasma glucose did not differ significantly among three type goats. Plasma urea nitrogen and plasma free fatty acid of native type were higher than those of Saanen breed significantly (P<0.01), but ordinary type did not differ from two others significantly. Native type differ from Saanen breed but not ordinary type at 30,60,90 and 120 minutes value of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate. There were no differences at 24 hours value of Erythrocyte sedimentation rate among three type goats.
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大城, 政一 ; 佐々木, 康之 ; 津田, 恒之 ; Oshiro, Seiichi ; Sasaki, Yasuyuki ; Tsuda, Tsuneyuki
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.309-314,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4111
概要: メン羊の飼育場を換えることがストレスとして作用し, 尿中ノルアドレナリン, アドレナリン排泄量と各種の生理諸元に影響を及ぼすか否かについて検討を行った。その結果, 温・湿度環境の変動する畜舎内においては直腸温38.33±0.09℃, 心拍数 70.4±2.2回/分, 呼吸数16.3±0.7回/分であり, 20℃・70%に調節してあるズートロン内では直腸温38.71±0.11℃, 心拍数73.2±3.3回/分, 呼吸数19.3±1.4回/分であって両者間には有意な差異はなかった。メン羊の畜舎内・ズートロン内の移動前後における経時的変化において, 移動直後に直腸温の上昇, 心拍数および呼吸数の増加が認められたが, いずれも2∿3時間後に移動前の値に回復した。尿中NA・A排泄量および尿量は畜舎内で12.15±2.24μg/日, 2.76±0.60μg/日および1154±135ml/日, ズートロン内で14.03±2.55μg/日, 2.15±0.63μg/日および1064±129ml/日であって両飼育場間に有意差はなかった。しかし, 尿中NA排泄量がズートロン内への移動初日に僅かに高い値を示した。また, 尿中A排泄量はズートロン内で0.61μg/日の低下を示した。
To determined the effects of transferring sheep from a barn to a climatic chamber on their physiological responses, the amount of the urinary excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, urine volume of the sheep used were measured. Three female corriedale sheep (45±3kg in body weight) were kept in barn in which a temperature and relative humidity were a range between 18.9℃ and 14.7℃ and 88.4% and 70.1%, respectively. On the other hand, a temperature and a relative humidity in a climatic chamber were steadily maintained at 20℃ and 70%, respectively. The mean values of the daily urinary excretion of noradrenaline and adrenaline, measured over a week, were 12.15±2.24 and 2.76±0.60μg/day in the barn used and 14.03±2.55 and 2.15±0.63μg/day in the chamber used, respectively. The catecholamine excretion rate, rectal temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate and urine volume of the sheep tested were all within normal ranges in both circumstances. The highest value on the first day of transferring into the climatic chamber out of the sheep barn used in this work. The rectal temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate of the sheep transferred from the barn to the chamber, measured every fifteen minutes, remarkably rose just after the transferring and gradually fell to the levels observed before the transferring within few hours.
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日越, 博信 ; 森山, 高広 ; 諸見, 康秀 ; Higoshi, Hironobu ; Moriyama, Takahiro ; Moromi, Yasuhide
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.315-322,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4112
概要: 著者らは, これまで本県における生乳の細菌学的品質を検査してきたが, 今回はその一環として, 乳用牛群改良推進事業に参加している酪農家の乳牛から得られた生乳について, RTを行なうとともに総菌数および細胞数を測定し, さらにCMTによる乳房 炎乳の検出を試みた。17酪農家の乳牛(6∿48頭)を対象に1∿3回検査を行ない, 得られた延べ881試料のRTでは, 0∿5級に分布したが, 大多数の試料(86.2%)は2級以下であった。総菌数では818試料(92.8%)が1ml当り400万以下であり, うち690試料は100万以下であった。乳牛の飼養規模別に, 総菌数が400万以下を示した試料の出現率をみると, 14頭以下の小規模酪農家(4戸)では79.0%, 15∿29頭の中規模酪農家(11戸)では94.8%, 30頭以上の大規模酪農家(2戸)では90.4%であった。また, 4戸の試料について季節別に400万以下の試料の出現率をみると, 初夏(5∿6月)が83.6%, 夏季(7∿9月)が78.7%, 秋季(10∿12月)が100%であった。一方, CMTで凝集の程度が十∿〓を示し, 乳房炎乳を疑わせた試料数は97(11.0%)であり, 意外に少なかった。この乳房炎乳の出現率は, 小規模酪農家で9.7%, 中規模酪農家で11.9%, 大規模酪農家で7.8%であり, ほぼ同じ出現率であった。CMTによる凝集の程度と細胞数の関係では, 凝集程度の強いほど細胞数が増加し, 十程度で平均細胞数は1ml当り50万を越えた。また, CMTの凝集程度とRTの級または総菌数との関係は, いずれも明確でなかった。
As a part of studies on bacteriological quality of raw milk in Okinawa Island, this survey was carried out with the resazurin test (RT), bacterial and udder cell enumerations and California Mastitis Test (CMT) for mastitis, on raw milk samples from cattle of dairy farmers participating in the Dairy Cattle Herd Improvement Promotion Project. Each of the cows in seventeen farms (6 to 48 cows/farm) was examined on three occasions, with a total of 881 milk samples. By RT, the samples ranged from classes 0 to 5,a great majority (759 samples, or 86.2%) being found to be of class 2 or lower. The direct microscopic bacterial count was less than 4,000,000/ml in 818 samples (92.8%), of which 690 showed values of less than 1,000,000/ml. Seventy-nine per cent of the samples studied from small-size farms (4) maintaining 14 or less numbers of cows showed direct microscopic bacterial counts of less than 4,000,000/ml. Corresponding rates of the samples from middle-size farms (11) with 15 to 29 cows and those from large-size farms (2) with 30 or more cows were 94.8% and 90.4%, respectively. Screening by CMT revealed an unexpectedly low incidence (97 samples, or 11.0%) of suspected mastitis, showing one-to four-plus reaction. The incidence was 9.7% in the group of small-size farms, 11.9% in the group of middle-size farms and 7.8% in that of large-size farms, respectively. As for interrelation of the CMT and the number of cells present in milk, the udder cell count increased progressively with increasing intensity of agglutination in the CMT; samples giving a one-plus reactions showed udder cell counts of more than 500,000/ml. There was no obvious correlation between the degree of agglutination in the CMT and the class in the RT or the direct microscopic bacterial count.
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中須賀, 常雄 ; 福田, 佳広 ; Nakasuga, Tsuneo ; Fukuda, Yoshihiro
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.323-328,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4113
概要: We already reported the effects of three elements (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K)) on the growth of Ryuk yu Pine (Pinus luchuensis MAYR) seedlings grown by sand culture method. In this paper, the effects of these elements on the growth of Ryukyu Pine seedlings grown by water culture method were discussed. End of five months after the treatments, with or without of these elements, their main shoot length was NPK>NP>PK>NK>Non, their leaves weight was NPK>NP>PK>NK>Non, their weight of tops was in the same order as their leaves weight, and their root weight was NPK>NP>PK>Non>NK. From these results, phosphorus was most effective element among them as reported before.
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中須賀, 常雄 ; 村上, 英司 ; Nakasuga, Tsuneo ; Murakami, Eiji
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.329-342,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4114
概要: リュウキュウマツ当年生(6箇月)苗を用いて, 土壌水分条件と苗木の蒸散速度および根際のXSPとの関係を10∿12月の3ケ月間検討した。本実験期間は沖縄において, 比較的降雨の偏りが多い時期であるが^<12)>, 気温はまだ高く, 生 育活動は活発で苗木にとって, 水分欠乏のおこり易い期間である。また, 本樹種の播種時期は本実験より早いので^<16)>, 現実的には秋季の水分欠乏時の苗令はこれより少し大である。苗木の蒸散速度とXSPは大気の環境条件, 植物体内の含水量, 土壌からの給水量およびこれらの内部, 相互間の通導抵抗によって左右される。即ち, 土壌-植物-大気連続体(SPAC)の水の化学ポテンシャルの傾度に従って左右されている^<3,8)>。従って, 一般的には日中, 蒸散量が増加するとXSPは低下するものとみられるが, 両者の関係には種々のパターンがみられることを本実験は示している。これらの蒸散とXSPとの関係はSPAC説およびこれまでの報告^< 2,4,5,6,9,10)>からみて, 充分説明できるものである。XSPとLWP(leaf water potential)はほぼ近い性質を示すとされているが^<2)>, 水ポテンシャルの測定部位が小さい程, 蒸散が水ポテンシャルに与える影響は大きく, LWPは環境条件の変化に鋭敏に反応する。従って, XSPおよびLWPを長期間の全体的な蒸散量の動きをみるパラメーターとして使用するのは不適である。苗木の蒸散量に大きい作用をなす土壌水分について, 佐藤^<11)>のスギ, ヒノキ, アカマツの当年生苗での実験では土壌水分がpF3.7附近になると蒸散量が急激に減りはじめ, 永久萎凋点あたりまで乾燥すると蒸散量はきわめて少なくなり, ほとんど変化しなくなるとしている。また, 大山^<7)>はリュウキュウマツの6∿7箇月苗の実験では土壌水のpF値3.2附近から蒸散量は急に低下するとし, 山盛^<15,16)>はリュウキュウマツ2年生苗の実験で蒸散量およびNWP(needle water potential=LWP)の急変点は土壌水分pF2.7∿3.3間にあるとしている。
本実験では, 土壌水分がpF3.8より乾燥した状態になると生育の活発な苗木の蒸散量はあまり変化しなくなる。また, pF2.7とpF3.8間で蒸散量の差が大きいが, pF3.2では蒸散およびXSPを限定する要因となっていないこと, pF3.8でXSPが鋭敏な反応をしていることからみて, 苗木の水分生理に大きな作用をなす土壌水分のpF値は, むしろpF3.8附近にあるものと推定される。土壌水分pF1.7ではリュウキュウマツには過湿ではないかとの報告^<14)>もあるが, 本実験では土壌水分pF1.7区で最大の生長をなし, 蒸散およびXSPの反応も鋭敏であった。山盛^<14,16)>の報告によると, リュウキュウマツ稚苗は土壌水分pF1.7では過湿で, pF2.7∿3.3で蒸散およびNWPの急変点があるとしていることから, 稚苗は土壌水分の狭い範囲でしか生育できないことになる。しかし, 本実験では, これより広い範囲の土壌水分条件(pF1.7∿3.8)で生育できることが推定された。次に, リュウキュウマツ当年生苗でハードニング効果がみられた。本実験では一定の前処理をしたが, 山盛^<14)>の実験結果からみると, pF0∿4.0のくり返しの処理区で蒸散量が大きいことから, ハードニングのくり返しがその効果は大きいものと考えられる。また, ある期間, 水ストレスを与えた苗木ではそれが弱い程, 回復は早いが, pF4.0で2箇月間管理した苗木でも1日後にXSPは回復した。異なる土壌水分で育てた苗木を自然乾燥させて水ストレスを与えた場合, 土壌水分のpF値が低い土壌で育てた苗木の方が回復は早かった。本実験ではリュウキュウマツの水分生理に関するこれまでの報告とは異なる結果となった。これは実験に使用した培土が異なる(大山^<7)>は第三紀層泥灰岩の風化土壌, 山盛^<14)>は赤色土(国頭礫層)3 : 石灰質砂(海岸砂)1の混合, 本実験はバーミキュライト)とその乾燥および吸水のみちすじが異なるので^<1)>, これが原因の一つだと考えられる。従って, リュウキュウマツ苗木の水分生理に関する分野では土壌の特性および測定技術を考慮して更に検討する必要があるものと考えられる。
Effects of various soil moisture conditions on transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure in Pinus luchuensis seedlings were studied from June 1978 to January 1979. Transpiration rate was measured by the cutleaf method, and xylem sap pressure by the pressure chamber method. Seedlings had grown under p^F1.7 soil moisture tension from June to September, after that three experiments of soil moisture conditions were setted as follows : 1. Experiment I. From 14. Sept., soil moisture condition of p^F 1.7 moisture tension was continued and four soil monsture conditions, p^F 2.7,3.8,4.0 and 4.4 were setted by drying naturally. And those five soil moisture tensions were continued until January 1979. In each soil moisture condition, transpiration and xylem sap pressure of seedlings were measured on 31,Oct. (A-1), 25,Nov. (A-2) and 21,Dec. (A-3), 1978. From this results, four types of the relationship between transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure were distinguished. These types were affected by the soil moisture tension clearly. These respons of transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure were supported by the results with transpiration, water potential and sap flow of trees. 2. Experiment II. Seedlings were grown under three soil moisture tensions, p^F 1.7,2.5 and 3.2 about half and two months, and the watering was stopped. The soil moisture content decreased in natural, transpiration and xylem sap pressure were measured at four p^F value points, p^F 3.2,3.8,4.4 and 4.6. In three soil moisture conditions except p^F3.2,transpiration rate and xylem sap pressure were increased with increase of p^F value of pre-treatment soil moisture tensions (Fig. 6,7). The hardning effects of drought resistance in seedlings were recognized from this results. 3. Experiment III. The relation between soil moisture tension and recovery of transpiration and xylem sap pressure with rewatering was studied. Results on Exp. I-(A-3) were shown in Fig. 8. Recovery of transpiration and xylem sap pressure of seedlings was faster under low soil moisture tension than in high, and xylem sap pressure was recovered faster than transpiration. Results on Exp. II-(p^F 4.6) were shown in Fig. 9. Seedlings grown under p^F 2.5 soil moisture tension recovered faster than those of the other soil moisture tensions.
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小田, 一幸 ; 仲宗根, 平男 ; Oda, KazuYuki ; Nakasone, Hirao
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.343-353,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4115
概要: 樹冠の生長と木部形成の間には密接な関係があり, 樹幹での木部形成を理解するためには, シュートの生長と発達について知る必要がある。ここでは, 沖縄本島に生育しているリュウキュウマツを対象に, シュートおよび針葉の伸長パターンについて述べ, 芽の形成過程, シュート頂の形態, 伸長期の観察結果を報告した。1.シュートおよび針葉の伸長パターンをそれぞれFig.1とFig.2に示した。2.芽の形成は2月から始まり, 2月から6月にかけてはえき芽をつくらないりん片葉だけが形成された。えき芽をつくるりん片葉の形成は7月から始まり, 7月から12月にかけての期間に短枝の原基が, 翌1月に長枝の原基が形成された。したがって, 芽の形成期は2月から1月までで, 明らかな休止期は認められなかった。3.シュート頂の形態は芽の形成過程の各段階に応じて変化し, シュート頂は芽の形成の最盛期には突出したドーム状となり, 直径に対する高さの比は0.42∿0.45であるが, 緩慢な時期には平らなドーム状となり, その比は0.15∿0.18に減少した。4.シュートの伸長期は9月から10月と2月下旬から5月上旬の2回認められ, 9月から10月にかけての期間にはえき芽を持たないりん片葉の部分が伸長し, 2月下旬から5月上旬にかけての期間にはえき芽を持つりん片葉の部分が伸長した。
Growth and development of the shoot of Pinus luchuensis growing in Okinawa were investigated. Length of shoots and leaves were measured and sampling for microscope observation was done, at vigorous branches in the upper whorls, at monthly intervals respectively. Formation of the new bud began in February and continued until January in the next year and there was no clear period of bud dormancy. During the period from February to June, cataphylls which subtend no axillary buds were formed, and formation of cataphylls which subtend axillary buds initiated in July. Primordia of short-shoot were formed during the period from July to either late December or early January, and primordia of long-shoot in January. The ratio of height to diameter of the shoot apex (shape of the shoot apex) varied with correlation to the each stage of new bud formation. The phase of bud expansion was from September to October and from late February to early May. During the period from September to October, the sterile cataphyll region of the new bud elongated and the bud developed into the candle shoot. The region of cataphylls which subtend axillary buds elongated during the period from late February to early May.
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仲間, 勇栄 ; 篠原, 武夫 ; Nakama, Yuei ; Shinohara, Takeo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.355-367,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4116
概要: 以上みてきた薪木流通機構のヒエラルヒーは, 次のように図式化できる。すなわち, 敷場持⇾船持⇾町屋⇾生産者農民という支配関係であり, 共同店も同様に敷場持に直結していた。ここで流通支配体制の頂点に位置して いるのは敷場持であり, この敷場持が絶対的優位性を確保できる根拠は, 海上輸送手段の所有と支配であり, またこのことが決定的な意味をもつが, 消費地においてストック機能を有していたことである。各港での敷場持の存在は, 他の流通の担い手の越境販売を阻止し, 必ず敷場を経由しなければならないために, 薪木の購入, 販売共に敷場持に有利に展開していた。このように敷場持が流通の支配体制を維持できるのは, 陸上交通の未発達で海上運送に頼らなければならないことに原因があって, したがってこの流通体制は陸上交通の発達に伴い, 漸次崩壊していく運命を内包していたのである。この敷場支配体制は, 第二次大戦後の一時期(1950年代の後半頃)まで続いていたのであるが, 陸上交通機関の発達で消滅し, また薪木需要の減少, すなわち, 化学系燃料の進出等で完全に崩壊し, その結果, 薪木流通支配体制の中で財を築いた敷場持は, 今日の製材業, 材木商へと質的転換を遂げていった。その転換期は1950年代の後半頃, すなわち, 杉材市場, 島産材市場が漸次崩壊し, 外材市場へ移行しつゝあった時期にあたる。
In theOkinawa-ProducedLumber Market of the prewar period, firewood was not only the main forest product but was also the object of buying and selling as a cash crop among the farmers. Because of the limited availability of cultivated and the existence of large forested areas particularly in the north of mainland Okinawa, farmers supported themselves mainly by producing and selling firewood to the various dealers. Throughout the process of firewood production and its distribution, this study will analyze the functional mechanisms involved and the role of commercial capital so that we can grasp the special character of the Okinawa forest products market. A summary of this study follows : Firewood, charcoal, logs, etc., from north mainland Okinawa are moved to the southern area of mainland Okinawa by small costal junk. (refer to fig. 1) The firewood carriers consist of : (a) farmers-direct producer, (b) grocers-also land owner in the village, selling food to farmer, and buying firewood from farmer, (c) cooperative stores-owned and operated by the village residents with the same function as the grocers described above, (d) costal junk owners-carring firewood from the village grocery store to the merchant, (e) firewood and charcoal merchants-living near the port, having a site where firewood can be stocked, (there are two types of this kind of merchant, one possessing only a stock site, and the othe owning both a stock site and a costal junk), (f) non-powered canoe owners-utilized in the loading and unloading of the junks which were unable to dock due to the shallow draft, (g) cart owners-the delivery business, transporting firewood to the consumers. Firewood produced in the villages flowed from the farmer to the grocer and cooperative store, then passed to the costal junk owner, then to the firewood and charcoal merchant, finally to the consumer. The heirarchy of the firewood distribution system begins with the farmer and progresses up through the grocer or cooperative store, costal junk owner, canoe owner and the charcoal-firewood merchant, with the charcoal-firewood merchant ruling the firewood distribution system. The merchants controled the firewood distribution system inasmuch as they usually owned or controled the sea transportation apparatus in addition to the terminal storage and resale areas. The existence of the merchants' operations on the seashore enabled them to prevent access and therefore direct sales from the grocers, cooperative stores, or independent junk owners to the consumers. This sutuation essentially resulted in a monopoly. So long as the merchants controlled the seashore stockage-operational areas, buying and selling of firewood developed profitably for the merchants. This situation endured becasue of the underdevelopement of a land transportation system. With the construction of roads and the developement of land transportation, this firewood economic structure was easily broken down.
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仲間, 勇栄 ; 篠原, 武夫 ; Nakama, Yuei ; Shinohara, Takeo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.369-379,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4117
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平田, 永二 ; 砂川, 季昭 ; 西沢, 正久 ; 山盛, 直 ; 新本, 光孝 ; 田場, 和雄 ; Hirata, Eiji ; Sunakawa, Sueaki ; Nishizawa, Masahisa ; Yamamori, Naoshi ; Aramoto, Mistunori ; Taba, Kazuo
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.381-385,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4118
概要: 本報は, 琉球大学与那演習林79林班は小班内に設置された択伐試験地において, 相対幹距(Sr)を基準にして第1回目の保育伐(除伐)を行い, その結果についてまとめたものである。1.除伐後のha当り本数は, プロット2(Sr=13%)6025 本, プロット3(Sr=17%)3817本, プロット4(Sr=21%)2917本, プロット7(Sr=13%)7475本, プロット8(Sr=17%)6150本, プロット9(Sr=21%)4150本である。2.目的樹種の構成比は, 除伐前に比べてやや上昇したが, しかし, なお10%前後の目的外樹種が保残残されている。3.除伐によって, 平均直径は0.2∿1.5cm, 平的樹高は0.1∿0.8mそれぞれ増大した。4.除伐率は, プロット2,3,4,7,8,9の順に, 44%, 31.4%, 46.3%, 16.1%, 31.0%, 35.3%で, ha当り材積はプロット2から順にそれぞれ125m^3,116m^3,85m^3,113m^3,83m^3,72m^3となっている。5.ワイブル分布のパラメーターb, c値が増加し, 除伐前に比べてやや正規型の直径分布を示した。しかし, 択伐林の直径分布は通常逆J字型の分布(マイヤー分布)を示すものと考えられ, その点では今回の除伐法には疑問も残るが, このことについては今後の研究課題にしたい。
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33.

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新本, 光孝 ; 砂川, 季昭 ; 山盛, 直 ; 平田, 永二 ; 西沢, 正久 ; Aramoto, Mitsunori ; Sunakawa, Sueaki ; Yamamori, Naoshi ; Hirata, Eiji ; Nishizawa, Masahisa
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.387-394,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4119
概要: この研究は, 亜熱帯地域における森林の施業技術を確立することを目的として西表島でおこなったものである。本報では, 試験地の概要と択伐前の林分構造について報告した。今後, 天然生常緑広葉樹林の択伐方式による最適な施業法の確立をはかるためには, さらに, この種の試験地の増設が必要である。同時に, 保残木の形質・生長, 稚樹の生長・下層植生の変化, そして土壌の保水機能など総合的かつ長期的な調査が必要である。
The study was done in order to establish the working techniques of forest of the subtropics in Iriomote Island. In the present paper, the authors described the outline of the established test plots and the stand composition of plots before selective cutting. In order to establish a suitable management method of the selective cutting system for the broad leved forest in Okinawa, it was a must to increase the experimental plots in each case. And for the more, it must be carried out the over all and a long run study in the changes of the quality and growth of the leave trees, growth of the sapling, and underplant vegetation and water-holding of the soil etc.
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34.

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新本, 光孝 ; 津嘉山, 健 ; 砂川, 季昭 ; 山盛, 直 ; 平田, 永二 ; 西沢, 正久 ; Aramoto, Mitsunori ; Tsukama, Ken ; Sunakawa, Sueaki ; Yamamori, Naoshi ; Hirata, Eiji ; Nishizawa, Masahisa
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.395-403,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4120
概要: この研究は, 亜熱帯地域における森林の施業技術を確立することを目的としておこなった。本報告においては, 西表島におけるオキナワウラジロガシ林の林分構造の解析をこころみた。調査結果は, つぎのとおりである。1.本林分の林齢は28年であった。2 .最大胸高直径は26cm, 平均胸高直径は8.87cmであった。3.最大樹高は13m, 平均樹高は7.76mであった。4.ha当りの本数および材積は, それぞれ4,763本, 204.2m^3であった。5.胸高直径の連年および平均生長量の最大期は観察できなかった。6.樹高の連年生長量の最大期は5∿10年, 平均生長量の最大期は10∿15年にあらわれる。7.材積の連年および平均生長量の最大期は観察できなかった。
The purpose of this investigation was to establish working techniques of forest in subtropics. In this report, the authors tried to analyze the stand composition of Okinawa-urajirogashi (Ouercus Miyagii Koidz.) forest in Iriomote Island. The results of the study are summarized as follows : 1. The stand age in this stand is a 28-year-old. 2. The maximum and the mean diameter at breast height were 26cm and 8.87cm. 3. The maximum and the mean height of trees were 13m and 7.76m. 4. The number of trees and stand volume per hectare were 4,763 and 204.2m^3. 5. Ages of the maximum in the current annual increment and in the mean increment of diameter at breast height were not observed. 6. Ages of the maximum in the current annual increment of tree height ranges from 5 to years, and that of the mean increment of tree height ranges from 10 to 5 years. 7. Ages of the maximum in the current annual increment and in the mean increment of stem volume were not observed.
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35.

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金城, 政勝 ; 東, 清二 ; Kinjo, Masakatsu ; Azuma, Seizi
出版情報: 琉球大学農学部学術報告 — The Science Bulletin of the Faculty of Agriculture. University of the Ryukyus.  pp.405-416,  1980-11-29.  琉球大学農学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/4121
概要: In this paper 63 species of Orthoptera are listed with based on specimens collected by the authors and many other entomo logists from Iriomote Island. Ten of these species, i. e. Psyrana japonica, Xesthophrys horvathi, Conocephalus gladiatus, Ornebius formosanus, Tridactylus japonicus, Potua platynota, Trilophidia annulata japonica, Oxya hyla intricata, O. velox, Euprepocnemis ishigakiensis, are newly recorded from the Island.
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36.

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里井, 洋一 ; Satoi, Yoichi
出版情報: 歴史と実践.  pp.1-19,  1980-11-17.  沖縄県歴史教育者協議会
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/32554
概要: 論文
37.

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論文(リポジトリ)
永井, 實 ; Nagai, Minoru
出版情報: 日本機械学会論文集. B編 — Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B.  46  pp.394-399,  1980-03-25.  日本機械学会
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/362
概要: 擬似衝撃波の前後に存在する流れの非一様性を評価するために,質量流量,運動量流量およびエネルギの修正係数を導入すると,これらの係数をパラメータとして擬似衝撃波前後の圧力比,密度比などの関数が疑似衝撃波直前の主流のマッハ数の関数としてexpli citに求められることを示した.具体例として疑似襲撃波に前後の相似の速度分布が存在する場合について計算を行い,本理論が従来の実験値をかなりよく説明することを示した.
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38.

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永井, 實 ; 佐久川, 恵博 ; Nagai, Minoru ; Sakugawa, Keihaku
出版情報: 琉球大学工学部紀要.  pp.1-11,  1980-03.  琉球大学工学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/12127
概要: Flat plate standing perpendicularly in the wind receives large drag because of the flow separation from the plate edge a nd the following large eddy region. This eddy region, called wake, is affected by the boundary condition around the plate, and then affects the drag force. In this study, the aerodynamic characteristics of the rectangular flat plate with a special opening were experimentally investigated at the various boundary conditions. The model plate was manufactured as a sliding shutter by the company O and the company K. The opening ratio of the plate is about 18 percent. According to the experiment, the drag coefficient of the specimen did not vary from the same plate but without the opening. Drag coefficient in the case of no boundary, specimen in the uniform flow, is 1.19, which is somewhat higher than the value 1.12 of the thin rectangular flat plate. The difference is seemed to be caused by the thickness and the edge shape of the plate. In the worst boundary condition, the flat plate placed on the center of the large wall, the drag coefficient reachs to 1.59, which is 34 percent larger than the value in the case of no boundary. However, if a kind of wind shutter is placed behind the model, the drag force acting to the model becomes almost negligible. Pressure oscillating phenomena are also researched, and it is tried to explain the frequency by the Kármán vortices and Helmholts resonance.
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39.

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金城, 松栄 ; 小田切, 忠人 ; Kinjo, Matsuei ; Kotagiri, Tadato
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第二部.  pp.1-9,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/12370
概要: 紀要論文
40.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
崎浜, 秀栄 ; 吉田, 一晴 ; 浅野, 誠 ; 小田切, 忠人 ; 比嘉, 善一 ; Sakihama, Syuei ; Yoshida, Kazuharu ; Asano, Makoto ; Kotagiri, Tadato ; Higa, Zenichi
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第一部.  pp.367-386,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/12371
概要: 紀要論文
41.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
田港, 朝昭 ; 小田切, 忠人 ; Taminato, Tomoaki ; Kotagiri, Tadato
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第一部.  pp.335-339,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/12387
概要: 紀要論文
42.

論文(リポジトリ)

論文(リポジトリ)
藤原, 綾子 ; Fujiwara, Ayako
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第二部.  pp.203-207,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/13712
概要: The author observed configuration of the surface of Ryukyu Basho (Musa liukiuensis Makino) using scanning electron micro scope (SEM). Many stripes were observed on integument of the fiber. Shape of the cross section of the fiber showed uneven and lots of small holes were observed all over the cross section. The fiber of Ryukyu Basho colored by picric acid, fuchsine and by Bokenstain respectively showed similar shade to those of silk fiber. So, the author experimented protein test. As the result, the fiber showed a positive reaction to Biuret and Xanthoprotein. Next, the author experimented solution test some reagents. The fiber of Ryukyu Basho was soluble in concentrated sulfric acid and nitric acid. Density of the fiber showed 1,17 ~ 1,35 generally.
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43.

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有住, 康則 ; 筑瀬, 明弘 ; 浜田, 純夫 ; 梶田, 建夫 ; Arizumi, Yasunori ; Chikuse, Akihiro ; Hamada, Sumio ; Kajita, Tateo
出版情報: 琉球大学工学部.  pp.69-88,  1980-09.  琉球大学工学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/14690
概要: Recently the load factor method has been taking the place of the allowable stress method for composite members in the Un ited States and European countries. It is the most important in the load factor design method to assure the mechanical behavior such as ultimate capacity of the structure. Ultimate strength is based on the properties of steel, concrete and shear connectors. In the present study some discussions on ultimate states are provided for composite beams with incomplete interaction applying elastic-plastic analysis. Some studies on the elastic analysis for incomplete composite beams have been presented in the bulletin by authors, and this is developed to inelastic analysis based on bilinear elasto-plastic properties of concrete, steel and shear connectors by means of the finite element method. An iterative initial strain method is employed in the present analytical procedure, where inelastic strains and deformations of materials are evaluated to the equivalent loads. This is also applied to analysis of cracked reinforced concrete beams. The main results of the analysis are as follows; (1) There is not much difference in the mechanical behavior of composite beams with shear connectors between spaced equally and spaced proportinally to horizontal shear. (2) Composite beams with partial interaction have an advantage of stress reduction on longitudinal reinforcing bars in negative moment regions, where it may be near the point of counterflection. This tendency becomes more apparent along with extent of the plastic range.
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44.

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吉田, 雅子 ; 上里, 賢一 ; Yoshida, Masako ; Uezato, Kenichi
出版情報: 琉球大学法文学部紀要.国文学論集 — Bulletin of the College of Law and Literature, University of the Ryukyus. Japanese Literature.  pp.1-22,  1980-01.  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/15030
概要: 紀要論文
45.

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論文(リポジトリ)
具志, 幸昌 ; 和仁屋, 晴讙 ; 伊良波, 繁雄 ; Gushi, Yukimasa ; Waniya, Haruyoshi ; Iraha, Shigeo
出版情報: 琉球大学工学部紀要.  pp.35-41,  1980-09.  琉球大学工学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/17688
概要: This is the second report of the results of experiments, named Experiments 6, which aims to determine the threshold valu es of NaCl concentrations in concrete for steel bar rusting, where corrosion inhibitors exist in concrete. In Experiments 6, there have been small dosages of NaCl in concrete specimens and corrosion inhibitors are also dosed in some specified values. The following results about steel bar rusting are obtained when 12 months have passed after steel bars had been embedded into concrete. 1. There have been found very small rusting spots on one bar at nine and twelve months after embedding, respectively. The bars above are embedded in the concrete of 0.033% NaCl dosage and no corrosion inhibitor. 2. There have been no sign of corrosion on the surface of the bars in the specimens contained 0.033% NaCl and the specified values of corrosion inhibitors. 3. Steel bars in the concrete contained 0.067% of NaCl by weight do not also corroded yet except one bar, where adequate amounts of corrosion inhibitors are added into the concrete. 4. In case of the standard specified dosage of corrosion inhibitors, there have been some amounts of rusting areas on steel bar surfaces embedded in the concrete of 0.100% NaCl concentration, and appreciable amounts of corrosion areas of rusting in the concrete of 0.133% NaCl concentration. The above rusting areas have both increased as the time has passed. 5. Two-fold dosage of corrosion inhibitors in concrete has significant effects on inhibiting corrosion of steel bars in the concrete of 0.100% and 0.133% NaCl concentration, but in that case, emergence of steel bar corrosion itself can not be interrupted. 6. There can be said at the time when one year has passed after embedding steel bars that "threshold" value of NaCl concentration in concrete on rusting of steel bars is 0.067% by weight of concrete where adequate amounts of corrosion inhibitors exists, and that the value can be raised as much as 0.100%.
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46.

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具志, 幸昌 ; 和仁屋, 晴讙 ; 伊良波, 繁雄 ; Gushi, Yukimasa ; Waniya, Haruyoshi ; Iraha, Shigeo
出版情報: 琉球大学工学部紀要.  pp.41-46,  1980-03.  琉球大学工学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/17689
概要: The paper is the 2nd report of the 5th series of experiments on corrosion tests of steel bars embedded in concrete speci mens. The concrete of specimens in this series of experiments has contained salt and corrosion inhibitors, and its water-cement ratio is 50%. The cover concrete depth over steel bars is constant through all the specimens and 2cm. The experiments has been planned and undertaken in accordance with the L_9 (3^4) Table of the Experimental Design. Salt concentration and dosage of corrosion inhibitor are main factors of the experiments, and their levels are 0.03, 0.15, and 0.75% of concrete by weight in salt concentration and two, three, and four times of the standard dosage of the maker specified in corrosion inhibitor content. The main feature of this series of experiments is high dosage of corrosion inhibitor into concrete to clarify the effect of inhibitor under high salt concentration in concrete. The following results are obtained at the time when one and half year has passed after embedding steel bars into concrets specimens. 1. Two times dosage of the inhibitor has been enough to inhibite corrosion of steel bars in the concrete which contain 0.03 and 0.15% of salt by weight. 2. Where salt content of concrete specimens amounts to as much as 0.75% by weight, the high dosages of inhibitor of this series of experiments could not restrain the rusting of steel bars, and almost steel bars in the specimens of 0.75% salt concentration have had some corrosion. 3. The effect due to differences of dosages of inhibitor are observed where the specimen concrete contain 0.75% salt by weight. The two times dosage of inhibitor is most effective for inhibiting corrosion of steel bars, the three times dosage seemed to have adverse effect on corrosion inhibitation. 4. The interaction of main factor effects between salt concentration in concrete and dosage of inhibitor has been established in this series of experiments, and we could not talk about the effect of inhibitors on corrosion protection without mentioning the salt concentration at the same time.
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47.

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具志, 幸昌 ; 和仁屋, 晴讙 ; 伊良波, 繁雄 ; Gushi, Yukimasa ; Waniya, Haruyoshi ; Iraha, Shigeo
出版情報: 琉球大学工学部紀要.  pp.13-40,  1980-03.  琉球大学工学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/17690
概要: This is the first report of the results of the series of experiments which have been carried on by the authors from Dece mber 1978 to February 1979. This series of experiments, named Experiments 6, aimed to determine the threshold values of NaCl concentrations in concrete for steel bar rusting. A method of electrical potential difference measurements of spots of concrete specimen surfaces over Cu/CuSO_4 half cell, having been developed by California Division of Highways and having been widely used to detect the rusting spots of steel bars in concrete, are also performed in this series of experiments. We planned to examine the method, if it can be applicable to the RC structures in Okinawa Prefecture to detect rusting spots. The following results about steel bar corrosion are obtained by and at six months after embedding steel bars in concrete. 1. Steel bars in the concrete contained 0.033% of NaCl have not corroded yet without adding any amount of corrosion inhibitors. 2. Steel bars in the concrete contained 0.067% of NaCl do not also corrode yet, if adequate amount of corrosion inhibitors are added to the concrete. 3. In case of the concrete contained 0.100% of NaCl by weight, there have been steel bars corroded some, but their areas of corrosion were small. Some of the steel bars have no corrosion spots where adequate amount of corrosion inhibitors had added to the concrete. 4. All steel bars in the concrete contained 0.133% of NaCl by weight except A_4 D_2 C_2 O_1 specimens have been observed some corrosion. And as the time has passed, the areas of corrosion on steel bar surfaces are becoming larger. 5. There have not been any significant differences in the effects of types of corrosion inhibitors on steel bar corrosion. 6. The effects of water-cement ratio on corrosion of steel bars are not obvious. 7. The beneficial effects of doubled dosage of corrosion inhibitors into concrete are observed on steel bar corrosion. The results of electrical potential measurments on the basis of Cu/CuSO_4 half cell are as follows. 1. It has not been decided yet that the standards of California Division of Highways on steel bar corrosion in concrete can be applicable to the RC structures in Okinawa Prefecture. 2. Steel bars in concrete need not be connected by metalic means each other when half cell potential measurment method is applied. 3. Rusting spots on steel bar surfaces have high potentials, and the electrical circuit directly contained a rusting spot exhibit high potentials in the sense of absolute value. 4. Almost rusting places have occured in the underside of steel bars, and the underside of the specimen has considerable larger cover depth over steel bars than the upperside. The electrical potentials measured on the underside of a specimen were always higher than on upperside. 5. Moisture condition of the specimen concrete has strong effect on measured potential values. 6. There have been no corrosion on the steel bars in the specimens which exhibit 0.2 volt or less of electrical potential. 7. There have been very few specimens which exhibit the electrical potential value of 0.3 volt or higher. 8. The almost specimens having corroded steel bars at 3 or 6 months after embedding exhibit 0.20 to 0.30 volt higher on the basis of Cu/CuSO_4 half cell.
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48.

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論文(リポジトリ)
吉村, 清 ; Yoshimura, Kiyoshi
出版情報: 琉球大学語学文学論集 — Ryudai review of language & literature.  pp.119-144,  1980-12.  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/18212
概要: William Congreve's The Way of the World (1700) has been considered as a typical example of a Restoration comedy of manne rs by many critics because of its complex male-female relationships in the fashionable and sophisticated upper class world of London and its witty, brisk, and sparkling dialogue.\nIn the dramatic structure of the play, Congreve takes pains dividing his characters into males and females, arranging each of these groups to assume an extreme attitude toward love and marriage. The dramatist also places his hero, Mirabell, and his heroine, Millamant, in a contrasting situation between the groups.\nIn the first two Acts, Mirabell is presented as a lover torn between his love of Millamant and the voice of his own reason, being made fun of by his sweetheart and by his 'rather detached-self.'\nHowever, in the 'contract scene' in Act IV, he succeeds to balance these opposing forces within himself by coming to an agreement on marriage with Millamant. From this time on, he successfully plays the role of a 'shrewd schemer' in the game of love, saving not only Millamant and her fortune but also others in their risky situations by deafeating Fainall in the 'scheme combat' in Act V.
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49.

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中村, 透 ; 中峰, 朝子 ; Nakamura, Toru ; Nakamine, Tomoko
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第一部.  pp.325-334,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/915
概要: 紀要論文
50.

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論文(リポジトリ)
藤原, 幸男 ; 西村, 貞雄 ; Fujiwara, Yukio ; Nishimura, Sadao
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第一部.  pp.305-323,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/945
概要: 紀要論文
51.

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論文(リポジトリ)
小澤, 保博 ; Ozawa, Yasuhiro
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第一部.  pp.1-22,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/989
概要: 紀要論文
52.

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論文(リポジトリ)
東盛, キヨ子 ; Higashimori, Kiyoko
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第二部.  pp.197-201,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/1340
概要: 紀要論文
53.

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論文(リポジトリ)
天野, 輝久 ; Amano, Teruhisa
出版情報: 琉球大学工学部紀要.  pp.55-62,  1980-03.  琉球大学工学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/1427
概要: From a viewpoint of establishing a rational design formula for wind loads for buildings, the reference wind pressure is not to be based on the largest instantaneous wind speed experienced so far, but on analysis of an annual series of extreme wind speeds. The paper deals with analysis of annual extreme mean wind speeds obtained at seven meteorological stations in topographically isolated islands of Okinawa, and presents a tentative discussion for the reference wind pressure.\nThe series of annual extreme mean wind speeds at each station has shown to be well fitted by double exponential distribution. The statistically expected annual extreme mean wind speeds in 50 years of return period at each station have been calculated, and result in 53.6, 51.5 and 61.0 m/s for Naha, Ishigaki and Miyako, respectively. As a consequence of this study, the reference pressures (kg/m^2) of 120 √^4, 200√^4 and 260 √^4 (h; height in meter) have been tentatively proposed for Daitoh, main island of Okinawa and Ishigaki, and Miyako, respectively, taking the same value of 2.0 for gust effect factor as in Canadian Code for the consideration of the effects of gusty winds.
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54.

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金城, 光子 ; Kinjo, Mitsuko
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第二部.  pp.65-75,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/29900
概要: A. Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to study the seven structural elements in Ryukyuan dance; that is, contents , structure, movements, stage properties, music, costume, and expression. B. Methods (1) Standards For criteria, the thirty DAS (Dance Appreciation Scale) constructed by opposing adjectives in Kinjo ('75) are used here: namely, the eighteen kinds of "evaluative factors" such as charming, good, interesting, substantial, and excellent; and the nine kinds of energetic factors such as active, dynamic, nimble, and powerful; and the three kinds of capacity-factors such as magnificent, grand, and grave. (2) Works Ten works which represent five kinds of Ryukyuan dance are shown: the Old Men's dance, "Kajadifū"; the Youth dance, "Wakashu-kotei-bushi"; the Men's dance, "Takadēra-manzai", "Mēnu-hama", "Zei", "Nubui-kuduchi"; the Traditional (or Classical) Women's dance, "Shudun", "Kasekake", and "Inoha-bushi"; and the General Women's dance, "Hana-fū". (3) Subjects Twenty female students at the University of the Ryukyus were tested: fifteen majoring in Health Education and Physical Education and five who belonged to Sport-clubs. (4) Process First, I distributed the copies of the contents of each dance to the students and gave supplementary explanations of them. Then, I showed them films (8mm Color Sound) of each dance separately. After giving them a break, I did it again. Finally, I let them evaluate the constituents of dance by seven grades according to DAS. (5) Disposition of Data I computed the average value of each evaluate factor separately according to the work and with the elements. Then I plotted the seven constituents of dance in a three dimensional space constructed by "evaluative factors" x "energetic factors" x "capacity factors". Also, I plotted the ten works in same space. (6) Investigation The research was done in March, 1975. C. Result and Consideration (1) Recognition System of the Works with movement-elements I illustrate the recognition system of the structural elements of Ryukyuan dance by the diagram No.11. As the diagram shows: in two dimensions of energy and capacity, the ten works are distinctly separated into four categories; namely, Men's dance, Old Men's dance, Youth dance, and Women's dance. This diagram gives a true account of the characteristics of each category of Ryukyuan dance. (2) Space Structures of the Constituents in Each Work In diagram No.7, I showed the space structure of each dance-constituent formed in the work "kasekake". In the evaluative dimension, movement, properties, music, and content were highly evaluative dimension, movement, properties, music, and content were highly evaluated to the same degree. Oppositely, expression, costume, and structure were lowly estimated to the same degree. In the dimension of energy and capacity, music was evaluated much more highly than any other constitient.
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55.

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金城, 光子 ; 花城, 洋子 ; Kinjo, Mitsuko ; Hanashiro, Youko
出版情報: 琉球大学教育学部紀要 第二部.  pp.77-101,  1980-12.  琉球大学教育学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/29901
概要: The aim of this paper is to compare the EMG patterns and Respiration patterns in the Ryukyuan traditional dance, the Jap anese traditional dance and the Indian traditional dance. The dance motion of twist and turn were electromyographically examined. The subjects were professional dancers, and one by one. The subjects performed the same motions in each dances. And EMG recordings were made with 6 channel electroencephalograph utilizing surface electrodes, 10mm in diameter. The results obtained were summarized as fallows: 1) In Ryukyuan dance M. pectoralis majar, M. obliquus externus abdominis, M. rectus abdominls, M. erect sp. (L.5) show continuous electric discharge in motion of twist and turn. And at respiration, expiration is long comparatively and irregular pattern. 2) In Japanese dance and Indian dance, mainly, M. trapezius, M. erect. sp. (L.5) show continuous discharge in motion of twist and turn. And respiration is regular pattern. Especially in Indian dance, compared with other two dances, EMG pattern shows strong electric discharge.
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56.

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赤嶺, 健治 ; Akamine, Kenji
出版情報: 琉球大学語学文学論集.  pp.63-85,  1980-12.  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/7527
概要: 紀要論文
57.

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村山, 盛一 ; 勝田, 義満 ; 宮里, 清松 ; 野瀬, 昭博 ; Murayama, Seiichi ; Katsuda, Yoshimitsu ; Miyazato, Kiyomatsu ; Nose, Akihiro
出版情報: 沖縄農業.  16  pp.1-6,  1980-12.  沖縄農業研究会 — Okinawa Agriculture Research Society
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002015347
概要: ステビアの発芽と初期生育に及ぼす温度とジベレリンの影響を明らかにし,次のような結果を得た.1.25℃においては,発芽率,発芽勢および平均発芽日数とも他の温度区(20,30,35,40℃)に優っていたことから,ステビアの発芽適温は,25℃前後 であると考えられる.2.ジベレリン処理によって,発芽率はほとんど影響を受けないが,発芽勢,平均発芽日数は明らかに良くなっていた.3.ジベレリン処理によって,ステビアの幼芽,幼根の伸長が促進された.このことから,ステビアの初期生育の促進にジベレリン処理が効果的であることが示唆された.
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58.

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論文(リポジトリ)
米盛, 重友 ; Yonemori, Shigetomo
出版情報: 沖縄農業.  16  pp.7-10,  1980-12.  沖縄農業研究会 — Okinawa Agriculture Research Society
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002015348
概要: ダイジョウ(Dioscorea alata L.)のムカゴの出芽日数と親イモの出芽日数及び出芽率について試験を行ない次の結果を得た (1)出芽率はどの温度でもともに100%であった.(2)ムカゴの20℃,25℃,30℃,35℃における出芽日 数はそれぞれ11.6日,10.6日,9.6日,9.3日,9.3日で,温度が高い方において出芽日数が短かかった.(3)親イモの発芽日数は,タネイモの重量により異なり,大型である程短く,3,001~4,000gのタネイモでは平均出芽日数は4.0日で,2,001~3,000g,1,001~2,000g,1,000g以下のものではそれぞれ12.0日,20.0日,28.5日と急速に長くなることがわかった.
The sprouting period and the sprouting ratio of aerial tuber and seed tuber of Dioscora alata L. were investigated. The result obtained was as follows;(1)The sprouting ratio of both aerial tuber and seed tuber was 100% at the temperature of 20℃, 25℃, 30℃ and 35℃.(2)The sprouting period needed for the aerial tuber were 11.6 days at 20℃, 10.6 days at 25℃, 9.6 days at 30℃, and 9 days at 35℃.(3)The sprouting period of the seed tuber was affected by the size. The average period of sprouting were 4, 12, 20, and 28.5 days for the seed tuber of 3,001~4,000g, 2,001~3,000,1,001~2,000g and less than 1,000g respectively.
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59.

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論文(リポジトリ)
米盛, 重友 ; Yonemori, Shigetomo
出版情報: 沖縄農業.  16  pp.11-13,  1980-12.  沖縄農業研究会 — Okinawa Agriculture Research Society
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002015349
概要: レイシの発芽について,15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃,40℃において試験を行なった.その結果15℃では発芽率はきわめて低く,40℃ではほとんどのものが腐敗した.発芽率は,20~30℃で高く,発芽最適温度は,25℃前後から30℃前後であった.
Germination of litchi seed was investigated at temperature 15℃. 20℃, 25℃, 30℃. and 40℃. The ratio of germination at 15℃ was very low. All the seeds at 40℃ were found rotten. The ratio of germination in the range from 20 to 30℃ was high, but the suitable temperature for germination was assumed in the range from 25 to 30℃.
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60.

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大城, 安弘 ; 奥島, 澄子 ; Oshiro, Yasuhiro ; Okushima, Sumiko
出版情報: 沖縄農業.  16  pp.15-22,  1980-12.  沖縄農業研究会 — Okinawa Agriculture Research Society
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002015350
概要: タイワンカブトムシOryctes rhinoceros L.の琉球列島における分布及び侵入経路について調査した結果,次のことが判明した. 1.本種は与那国島,小浜島,波照間島,石垣島,多良間島,沖縄島及び南大東島に分布していることが確認され た. 2.以前から棲息すると言われていた西表島,宮古島及び北大東島においては,棲息及び被害調査の結果,本種の棲息は確認できなかった.これらの島には分布しないものと思われる. 3.本邦において最初に記録された石垣島をはじめとする各島の標本は形態が酷似し区別し難いことから,侵入源は同一であろうと推測できる.また,南大東島産の本種は翅脈において先島地方や沖縄島産のものとは異なるため,侵入経路は以上の場合とは異なるか,または古くから棲息していたものと推察された. 4.沖縄島における棲息地域は糸満市を中心とした南部地域と,沖縄市のT植物園を中心とした地域に分けられ,前者は与那国島から,後者は台湾又はフィリッピン等からそれぞれ侵入したものと推測された. 5.本種は飛しょう等自力によるよりも,寄主植物であるヤシ類に付着して移動侵入していると考えられるため,これら植物等の移動には十分注意する必要がある.
Distribution and immigrant routes of the coconut rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros LINNAEUS are investigated in the Ryukyu Islands, southern part of Japar. From this work the following results are obtained: 1. O. rhinoceros in the Ryukyu Islands are found in Yonaguni, Kohama, Hateruma, Ishigaki, Tarama, Okinawa and Minamidaito islands. 2. Existence of O. rhinoceros in Iriomote, Miyako and Kitadaito islands is not confirmed. O. rhinoceros seems to be not distributed in these islands. 3. O. rhinoceros was recorded in 1921 from Ishigaki Island for the first time in Okinawa Prefecture. Each form of O. rhinoceros on Ishigaki, Yonaguni, Hateruma, Kohama and Tarama islands are very similar to one another. It seems that O. rhinoceros of these islands has the same origin. On the other hand, the shape of the wing vein in O. rhinoceros of Minamidaito Island differs from that of the other islands mentioned above. O. rhinoceros of Minamidaito Island may be different from that of the other islands in the immigrant route. 4. The distribution of O. rhinoceros in Okinawa island is divided into two regions, southern and central parts. It is considered that the former population has come from Yonaguni island the latter from Southeast Asia. 5. O. rhinoceros has immigrated to the islands in Okinawa Prefecture, almost certainly by adhering to the host plants. Attention must be paid to the transfer of the host plants.
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61.

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吉田, 茂 ; 奥, 真隆 ; Yoshida, Shigeru ; Oku, Masataka
出版情報: 沖縄農業.  16  pp.23-30,  1980-12.  沖縄農業研究会 — Okinawa Agriculture Research Society
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/0002015351
概要: 論文
62.

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論文(リポジトリ)
伊波, 美智子 ; Iha, Michiko
出版情報: 琉球大学経済研究.  pp.155-175,  1980.  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/3134
概要: 紀要論文
63.

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論文(リポジトリ)
米盛, 徳市 ; Yonemori, Tokuichi
出版情報: 琉球大学経済研究.  pp.201-254,  1980.  琉球大学法文学部
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12000/3135
概要: 紀要論文